【摘要】：貴州是少數(shù)民族聚居的地方,民族間交流形成了多民族的文化。石棺葬作為少數(shù)民族特有的一種墓葬形式,因分布的區(qū)域不同,其地域特征和文化特色也不盡相同。在文明加速和文化變遷的進(jìn)程中,多數(shù)文化被湮沒(méi)在歷史的長(zhǎng)河中,但貴州苗族仍保持自身的民族特色,繼續(xù)傳承石棺為葬具的習(xí)俗。獨(dú)特的苗族石棺葬是貴州喀斯特地貌孕育下的產(chǎn)物,在這樣環(huán)境的孕育之下,苗族石棺葬呈現(xiàn)出民族性、地域性和獨(dú)特性。苗族石棺葬不僅是苗族先民精神寄托與宗教信仰的體現(xiàn),而且是其文化傳承的標(biāo)識(shí)和族群認(rèn)同之所在。難能可貴的是,今天貴州部分地區(qū)的苗族仍保持石棺葬習(xí)俗,這不僅在學(xué)術(shù)史上具有重大的意義,同時(shí)將成為研究少數(shù)民族墓葬文化的“活化石”,為石棺葬文化的研究提供了現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)。學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)貴州石棺葬的研究較顯薄弱。首先,關(guān)注此方面的學(xué)者寥寥無(wú)幾;其次,內(nèi)容上多探討墓葬形制、墓葬結(jié)構(gòu)、隨葬品及族屬問(wèn)題等;最后,方法上偏重考古學(xué),較少田野調(diào)查法。鑒于此,本文通過(guò)個(gè)案研究,結(jié)合前輩的考古發(fā)掘資料與地方文獻(xiàn)資料,首要運(yùn)用田野調(diào)查法與文化人類(lèi)學(xué)等理論知識(shí),重點(diǎn)探討貴州苗族石棺葬文化的歷史演變過(guò)程,核心把握現(xiàn)狀并作對(duì)比性分析。通過(guò)分析可知,貴州苗族石棺葬不僅是喀斯特地貌孕育下的產(chǎn)物,也是民族文化交流的結(jié)果。它的存續(xù)是苗族人民合理利用與保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的體現(xiàn),在傳承民族文化的同時(shí),傳達(dá)了其生態(tài)價(jià)值觀。
[Abstract]:Guizhou is a place where ethnic minorities live, and ethnic exchanges form a multi-national culture. Sarcophagus burial is a special burial form of minority nationalities, and its regional and cultural characteristics are different because of the different distribution regions. In the process of accelerating civilization and cultural change, most cultures were lost in the long river of history, but the Miao nationality in Guizhou still maintained their own national characteristics and continued to inherit the custom of sarcophagus as burial utensils. The unique burial of the Miao sarcophagus is the product of karst landforms in Guizhou Province. Under such an environment, the burial of the Miao sarcophagus presents a national, regional and unique character. The burial of the Miao sarcophagus is not only the embodiment of the spiritual sustenance and religious belief of the ancestors of the Miao nationality, but also the symbol of its cultural heritage and the identity of its ethnic group. It is commendable that the Miao people in parts of Guizhou still maintain the custom of sarcophagus burial today, which is not only of great significance in academic history, but will also become a "living fossil" to study the burial culture of ethnic minorities. It provides a realistic basis for the study of sarcophagus burial culture. The research on sarcophagus burial in Guizhou is weak in academic circles. First of all, few scholars pay attention to this aspect; secondly, the content of the tombs form, burial structure, burial objects and clan problems; finally, the method of emphasis on archaeology, less field investigation. In view of this, this article through the case study, unifies the predecessor archaeological excavation data and the local literature material, mainly uses the field investigation method and the cultural anthropology and so on theory knowledge, emphatically discusses the Guizhou Miao nationality sarcophagus burial culture historical evolution process, The core grasps the present situation and makes the comparative analysis. According to the analysis, the burial of Miao's sarcophagus in Guizhou is not only the product of karst landform, but also the result of cultural exchange. Its existence is the embodiment of the rational use and protection of the ecological environment of the Miao people. It conveys its ecological values while inheriting the national culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K878.8

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