【摘要】：出于文物保護(hù)的需要,田野考古調(diào)查需要無損的探測技術(shù)。因此不會給地下文物帶來損害的地球物理考古是考古調(diào)查發(fā)展的一個(gè)必然方向。地下考古遺存常常和周圍介質(zhì)存在物性差異,這就為應(yīng)用地球物理方法進(jìn)行考古奠定了物性基礎(chǔ)。如夯土經(jīng)過夯筑,其密度、介電常數(shù)、電導(dǎo)率以及磁導(dǎo)率等就會和周圍的介質(zhì)產(chǎn)生差異。根據(jù)考古遺存和周圍介質(zhì)在電性、磁性、地震波阻抗、放射性元素含量等方面的差異,就可以進(jìn)行多種地球物理方法的探測,如探地雷達(dá)、高密度電法、磁法、地震勘探、放射性勘探等。每種地球物理方法,不僅有各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),且只對某一兩個(gè)物性差異比較敏感,一般具有多解性,還常常會受到近地表干擾。因此應(yīng)用單種地球物理方法進(jìn)行考古,雖能反映地下考古遺存信息,但其考古解譯的準(zhǔn)確性令人懷疑。綜合地球物理考古則可以提供多方面的信息,綜合發(fā)揮各種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn),從而增強(qiáng)地球物理考古解譯的準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性。 地球物理考古理論研究的最終目的是將地球物理技術(shù)成功應(yīng)用于實(shí)際的考古調(diào)查中,完成考古任務(wù)。故本文在進(jìn)行綜合地球物理考古方法的應(yīng)用可行性研究時(shí)采用理論結(jié)合實(shí)際的思路,先進(jìn)行單方法考古的理論研究,而后應(yīng)用到實(shí)際考古中,并進(jìn)行綜合地球物理考古的實(shí)際應(yīng)用研究。 針對在實(shí)際考古調(diào)查中遇到的幾種考古目標(biāo),展開了相應(yīng)的地球物理正演模擬,并結(jié)合實(shí)際探測數(shù)據(jù)綜合研究,以提取夯土層(騰沖南詔古城)、石刻(西安唐陵)、地下古墓(騰沖南詔古城)的探地雷達(dá)響應(yīng)特征；獲得了古城墻(模擬良渚東城墻)、古河道(良渚古城遺址)的高密度電法響應(yīng)特征,從而指導(dǎo)實(shí)際的考古探測。 許多考古遺址常位于城市或城市邊緣,如良渚古城遺址,在這些遺址進(jìn)行探地雷達(dá)考古時(shí)就會受到現(xiàn)代人工產(chǎn)品(如高壓線、鐵絲網(wǎng)、建筑等)的干擾。本文利用有限差分和射線理論,進(jìn)行了地面以上物體的反射干擾的正演模擬和系統(tǒng)理論分析,提取了干擾特征,為干擾的有效識別和壓制提供了基礎(chǔ)。 地下考古目標(biāo)是三維的,因此有必要進(jìn)行三維地球物理考古研究。本文進(jìn)行了三維探地雷達(dá)和三維高密度電法的實(shí)際應(yīng)用研究。研究結(jié)果表明,與二維探測相比,結(jié)合有效的三維顯示軟件,三維探測能提供更為豐富的信息,其考古解譯的成果也更為準(zhǔn)確和可信。 本文首次應(yīng)用綜合地球物理方法開展了良渚古城外古水系分布情況的調(diào)查,還進(jìn)行了文化層堆積的有效探測。在良渚古城遺址的東城墻遺址,還進(jìn)行了多道面波分析實(shí)際探測研究,這在國內(nèi)外尚屬首次。 在不同遺址的實(shí)際應(yīng)用成果表明,論文的理論研究成果具有實(shí)用價(jià)值,能在實(shí)際的考古調(diào)查中起到作用。
[Abstract]:For the need of cultural relic protection, field archaeological investigation needs non-destructive detection technology. Therefore, geophysical archaeology, which will not cause damage to underground cultural relics, is an inevitable direction of archaeological investigation and development. Underground archaeological remains are often different from those of surrounding media, which lays a physical foundation for the application of geophysical methods to archaeology. If rammed soil is rammed, its density, dielectric constant, conductivity and permeability will be different from the surrounding medium. According to the differences between archaeological remains and surrounding media in electrical, magnetic, seismic wave impedance and radioactive element content, various geophysical methods such as ground penetrating radar, high-density electric method, magnetic method, seismic exploration can be carried out. Radioactive exploration, etc. Each geophysical method not only has its own advantages and disadvantages, but also is sensitive to one or two physical differences. Therefore, the application of single geophysical method to archaeology can reflect the information of archaeological remains, but the accuracy of archaeological interpretation is doubtful. Comprehensive geophysical archaeology can provide many kinds of information and give full play to the advantages of various methods so as to enhance the accuracy and reliability of geophysical archaeological interpretation. The ultimate goal of the theoretical study of geophysical archaeology is to successfully apply geophysical technology to the actual archaeological investigation and complete the archaeological task. Therefore, in the feasibility study of the application of comprehensive geophysical archaeological methods, this paper adopts the idea of combining theory with practice, and carries out the theoretical research of single-method archaeology first, and then applies it to practical archaeology. The practical application of comprehensive geophysical archaeology is also studied. Aiming at several kinds of archaeological targets encountered in the actual archaeological investigation, the corresponding geophysical forward modeling is carried out, and combined with the comprehensive study of the actual exploration data, In order to extract the ground penetrating radar response characteristics of rammed earth layer (Nanzhao ancient city of Tengchong), stone carving (Tang Ling of Xi'an) and underground tomb (ancient city of Nanzhao in Tengchong); The response characteristics of the ancient city walls (simulated eastern Liangzhu city walls) and ancient rivers (ancient Liangzhu ancient city sites) by high-density electrical method are obtained to guide the actual archaeological exploration. Many archaeological sites are often located in cities or on the edge of cities, such as Liangzhu ancient city sites, where ground penetrating radar archaeology will be disturbed by modern artificial products (such as high-voltage lines, barbed wire, buildings, etc.). In this paper, the forward modeling and systematic theoretical analysis of the reflection interference of objects above the ground are carried out by using the finite difference and ray theory, and the interference characteristics are extracted, which provides the basis for the effective identification and suppression of the interference. The underground archaeological target is three-dimensional, so it is necessary to carry out three-dimensional geophysical archaeological research. In this paper, the practical application of three-dimensional ground penetrating radar and three-dimensional high-density electrical method is studied. The results show that 3D detection can provide more abundant information and the results of archaeological interpretation are more accurate and reliable than that of 2D detection combined with effective 3D display software. In this paper, a comprehensive geophysical method is used to investigate the distribution of ancient water system outside Liangzhu ancient city for the first time, and the effective exploration of the accumulation of cultural layer is also carried out. In the east wall site of Liangzhu ancient city site, multi-channel surface wave analysis has been carried out, which is the first time at home and abroad. The practical application results at different sites show that the theoretical research results of the paper are of practical value and can play an important role in the actual archaeological investigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K854;P631

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 林致銘;探地雷達(dá)對古塔特征參數(shù)的識別研究[D];揚(yáng)州大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：2156488