三篇噶塘蚌巴奇苯教古文書研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-29 20:41
【摘要】：2006年夏,西藏山南地區(qū)措美縣當許鎮(zhèn)信教群眾在維修坍塌的噶塘蚌巴奇塔時,從塔藏中發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量藏文殘卷,這是繼1900年敦煌出土大批吐蕃文獻之后首次在西藏本土發(fā)現(xiàn)的吐蕃文獻,這一重大發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了國內(nèi)外藏學(xué)界的極大關(guān)注。大量藏文殘卷中有三部苯教儀軌方面的著作和一部苯教醫(yī)學(xué)著作。本文主要解讀、分析、研究苯教儀軌方面的三部殘卷,論述文獻的外部特征、主要內(nèi)容、宗教詞匯、文法特征以及文獻中所體現(xiàn)的苯教思想及其文化價值,最后從文書的詞匯、語法特征和內(nèi)容等方面入手初步斷定三部文書的成書時期。 本文分二篇： 第一篇,共2章。 第1章,主要介紹三部文獻的基本情況,即噶塘蚌巴奇塔的地理位置、形狀、塔形比較、建造年代以及殘卷的紙張、墨色、書法特點等外部特征,并依據(jù)殘卷原文糾正了《當許噶塘蚌巴齊塔新發(fā)現(xiàn)的古苯教文獻匯編》一書出版過程中出現(xiàn)的一些抄錄錯誤。 第2章,主要解讀、分析三部文獻的內(nèi)容,論文這一部分主要介紹了該文獻的基本情況及其所體現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。即殘卷一主要講述了五種講述儀軌故事(?) rEas或sPrang),講述儀軌故事在吐蕃人的宗教生活中占有重要地位。苯教卷子在敘述一個主要的故事涉及到某種儀軌時常常要插入一段有關(guān)這種儀軌的先例,這在苯教文獻中被稱作cho-raEs、raEs(儀軌故事)或sPrang(儀軌述說)。殘卷一中的五種儀軌故事分別是： 1.(?)(gnag rEas),即斯巴苯教前四乘的內(nèi)容。主要是拿敵人身體上的某一身肢或某一物品進行詛咒對方,試圖攻擊或戰(zhàn)敗對方的一種巫術(shù)儀式。該卷詳細講述了如何進行此巫術(shù)儀式的過程、功能及其產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。 2.“贊”與“魔鬼”的故事,同樣是斯巴苯教前四乘的內(nèi)容。主要講述了如何對付“贊”與“魔鬼”,并該儀式應(yīng)具備的主客觀條件及產(chǎn)生的作用。 3.(?)(Eyol rEas),即(?)(Eyol)和(?)(ltos ngan),(?)(EGuG)的故事。 4.(?)(ltos ngan)與怎樣對抗(?)(ltos ngan)的故事。5.以神話故事的形式講述了“金(gser)"和“酒(skyePs)"的祖先名稱、功能與特點,表明了從古至今“金(gser)"和“酒(skyePs)"文化在藏民族的傳統(tǒng)文化中是根深蒂固的,是藏族傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。 殘卷二是一個解穢故事。首先提到了某個女子懷孕的情況；中間講述了該地的某一魔鬼附在女子身上,因而,此女子身受災(zāi)難和晦氣的情況；最后講述了為了逢兇化吉、清除觸染而邀請穢苯(Gri Eon)進行上供神,下征魔的宗教儀式過程。 殘卷三講述了神鹿的故事,即神鹿的恩惠,給神鹿起名叫“雍仲神鹿古洛”(gyung Grung gi [a Ea ku lo),并給它劃分區(qū)域的情況。另外文獻中提到了四大河流的不同別稱以及古代藏族人如何觀察北斗七星的變化而行事情況。 第二篇,共3章。 第1章,根據(jù)三部殘卷中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的“敦巴辛饒、神名、侯國名、侯王名”等內(nèi)容與敦煌吐蕃文獻中的相關(guān)文獻進行對比研究,論述三部殘卷中出現(xiàn)的古代藏族的傳統(tǒng)文化即斯巴苯教文化：另外從三部殘卷中選出能體現(xiàn)古代藏族人的思維體系和精神氣質(zhì)的宗教詞匯,如日、月、星、辰、“拉”崇拜文化以及牦牛、九和十三、苯與苯波、“宇宙形狀之羊肩胛骨”(簡稱羊胛狀)、解穢等詞匯,進行深入研究、解釋這些宗教詞匯所能指的文化內(nèi)涵和深遠的歷史意義。 第2章,主要論述三部殘卷的語法和書法特點。即：利用殘卷的典型句子與敦煌吐蕃文獻的相關(guān)資料做對比和分析,探討出“賽、煨桑”gsas, Esang, Esangs等苯教詞語的涵義和吐蕃時期的語法特點,詞義演變等情況。根據(jù)三部殘卷的白徂體字,并通過幾種同類字體文獻的對比,敘述了三部殘卷的書法特點。 第3章,分析和探討了三部殘卷的發(fā)現(xiàn)以便了解和研究吐蕃時期的文化、政治、經(jīng)濟以及對學(xué)術(shù)研究領(lǐng)域提供的文獻價值和現(xiàn)實意義。最后,還通過分析文書中的詞匯、語法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容,進行初步斷定三部殘卷的成書時期。
[Abstract]:In the summer of 2006, when the believers in Shannan, Tibet, found a large number of Tibetan papers during the maintenance of the collapsed Kagan mussela pagoda, a large number of Tibetan literature was found in the mainland of Tibet after a large number of Tubo documents unearthed in Dunhuang in 1900. This major discovery has aroused great concern from the Tibetan academic circles at home and abroad. There are three books in the collection of Tibetan literature and a Book of the medicine of the benzene teaching. This article mainly interprets, analyzes, studies the three remnants of the ritual of the BIS, discusses the external features of the literature, the main contents, the religious vocabulary, the grammatical features, and the thought and cultural value of the literature embodied in the literature, and finally, from the vocabulary of the documents, Beginning with the grammatical features and contents, it is preliminarily concluded that the period of the three documents is written.
This article is divided into two chapters.
The first chapter is 2 chapters.
The first chapter mainly introduces the basic situation of the three documents, namely, the geographical position, shape, the comparison of the tower shape, the age of the construction, the paper, the ink and the calligraphy characteristics of the remnants, and rectify some of the books published in the book published in the book of the newly discovered book of bingta, which was discovered by the Kagan mussel bingta, according to the original text. A copy of the error.
The second chapter, the main interpretation and analysis of the content of the three documents, this part of the paper mainly introduces the basic situation and the contents of the literature. That is, the remnants of the paper mainly describe the five kinds of story telling stories (?) rEas or sPrang), telling the ritual story to occupy an important position in the religious life of the Tubo people. The story of a kind of ritual involves the insertion of a precedent about the ritual, which is called cho-raEs, raEs (ritual story) or sPrang in the BT literature. The five types of ritual stories in the remnants are:
1. (?) (?) (?) (gnag rEas), the first four times of Spartan. It is a witchcraft rite of trying to attack or defeat each other with a certain limb or an object on the enemy's body. The volume details the process of the witchcraft, the work and the results.
The story of 2. "Zan" and "devil" is the same as the first four times of Spartan, mainly about how to deal with "Zan" and "devil", and the subjective and objective conditions and the effect that the ritual should have.
3. (?) (Eyol rEas), namely (?) (Eyol) and (?) (ltos Ngan), (?) (EGuG) story.
4. (?) (?) (ltos Ngan) and how (?) (?) (?) (?) (?) (?) (ltos Ngan) of the story of.5. in the form of mythological tales of "GSER" and "wine (skyePs") "ancestor name, function and characteristics, showing that from ancient times" gold (GSER) "and" wine (skyePs) "culture in the Tibetan traditional culture is deep-rooted, is an important part of the Tibetan traditional culture part. Points.
Two is a unfilthy story. First of all, it mentioned the situation of a woman's pregnancy; it tells about a devil attached to a woman in the middle of the land, and therefore, the woman is suffering from a catastrophe and a dark situation; finally, the religious ritual process of offering God and demons for the gods and demons is described for the sake of the misfortune and the removal of the touch and inviting Gri Eon.
The story of the remnants three tells the story of the deer, the grace of the deer, named "gyung Grung GI [a Ea Ku Lo", and the division of the region. In addition, the literature referred to the different alias of the four rivers and how the ancient Tibetans observed the changes in the seven stars of the dipper.
Second chapters, a total of 3 chapters.
The first chapter, according to the contrastive study of "Dun basin Rao, the name of God, the name of Hou Guo, Hou Wang name" in the three remnants, and the related literature in the literature of Dunhuang Tubo, the traditional culture of the ancient Tibetan, that is, the culture of the Spartan, is discussed in the three remnants of the remnants, and the thought of the ancient Tibetans can be reflected from the three remnants. The religious vocabulary of the dimensional system and the spiritual temperament, such as the culture of day, moon, star, Chen, "pull", and the yaks, nine and thirteen, benzene and benzene wave, the "sheep scapula in cosmic shape" (abbreviated as the sheep scapula), and the solution of filth are studied in depth to explain the cultural connotation and profound historical significance of these religious words.
The second chapter mainly discusses the grammatical and calligraphy characteristics of the three remnants. That is, by contrast and analysis of the typical sentences of the remnants and the related materials of the Dunhuang Tubo literature, the meaning of the "Sai, Simon" GSAS, Esang, Esangs and other benzene terms, the grammatical features of the Tubo period, the evolution of the word meaning and so on. And through the comparison of several similar font documents, the calligraphy features of three fragments are described.
The third chapter analyzes and probes into the discovery of the three remnants so as to understand and study the culture, politics, economy and the literature value and practical significance of the Tubo Period. Finally, through the analysis of the vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure and content of the documents, the writing period of the three remnants is preliminarily determined.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K877.9
本文編號：2153951
[Abstract]:In the summer of 2006, when the believers in Shannan, Tibet, found a large number of Tibetan papers during the maintenance of the collapsed Kagan mussela pagoda, a large number of Tibetan literature was found in the mainland of Tibet after a large number of Tubo documents unearthed in Dunhuang in 1900. This major discovery has aroused great concern from the Tibetan academic circles at home and abroad. There are three books in the collection of Tibetan literature and a Book of the medicine of the benzene teaching. This article mainly interprets, analyzes, studies the three remnants of the ritual of the BIS, discusses the external features of the literature, the main contents, the religious vocabulary, the grammatical features, and the thought and cultural value of the literature embodied in the literature, and finally, from the vocabulary of the documents, Beginning with the grammatical features and contents, it is preliminarily concluded that the period of the three documents is written.
This article is divided into two chapters.
The first chapter is 2 chapters.
The first chapter mainly introduces the basic situation of the three documents, namely, the geographical position, shape, the comparison of the tower shape, the age of the construction, the paper, the ink and the calligraphy characteristics of the remnants, and rectify some of the books published in the book published in the book of the newly discovered book of bingta, which was discovered by the Kagan mussel bingta, according to the original text. A copy of the error.
The second chapter, the main interpretation and analysis of the content of the three documents, this part of the paper mainly introduces the basic situation and the contents of the literature. That is, the remnants of the paper mainly describe the five kinds of story telling stories (?) rEas or sPrang), telling the ritual story to occupy an important position in the religious life of the Tubo people. The story of a kind of ritual involves the insertion of a precedent about the ritual, which is called cho-raEs, raEs (ritual story) or sPrang in the BT literature. The five types of ritual stories in the remnants are:
1. (?) (?) (?) (gnag rEas), the first four times of Spartan. It is a witchcraft rite of trying to attack or defeat each other with a certain limb or an object on the enemy's body. The volume details the process of the witchcraft, the work and the results.
The story of 2. "Zan" and "devil" is the same as the first four times of Spartan, mainly about how to deal with "Zan" and "devil", and the subjective and objective conditions and the effect that the ritual should have.
3. (?) (Eyol rEas), namely (?) (Eyol) and (?) (ltos Ngan), (?) (EGuG) story.
4. (?) (?) (ltos Ngan) and how (?) (?) (?) (?) (?) (?) (ltos Ngan) of the story of.5. in the form of mythological tales of "GSER" and "wine (skyePs") "ancestor name, function and characteristics, showing that from ancient times" gold (GSER) "and" wine (skyePs) "culture in the Tibetan traditional culture is deep-rooted, is an important part of the Tibetan traditional culture part. Points.
Two is a unfilthy story. First of all, it mentioned the situation of a woman's pregnancy; it tells about a devil attached to a woman in the middle of the land, and therefore, the woman is suffering from a catastrophe and a dark situation; finally, the religious ritual process of offering God and demons for the gods and demons is described for the sake of the misfortune and the removal of the touch and inviting Gri Eon.
The story of the remnants three tells the story of the deer, the grace of the deer, named "gyung Grung GI [a Ea Ku Lo", and the division of the region. In addition, the literature referred to the different alias of the four rivers and how the ancient Tibetans observed the changes in the seven stars of the dipper.
Second chapters, a total of 3 chapters.
The first chapter, according to the contrastive study of "Dun basin Rao, the name of God, the name of Hou Guo, Hou Wang name" in the three remnants, and the related literature in the literature of Dunhuang Tubo, the traditional culture of the ancient Tibetan, that is, the culture of the Spartan, is discussed in the three remnants of the remnants, and the thought of the ancient Tibetans can be reflected from the three remnants. The religious vocabulary of the dimensional system and the spiritual temperament, such as the culture of day, moon, star, Chen, "pull", and the yaks, nine and thirteen, benzene and benzene wave, the "sheep scapula in cosmic shape" (abbreviated as the sheep scapula), and the solution of filth are studied in depth to explain the cultural connotation and profound historical significance of these religious words.
The second chapter mainly discusses the grammatical and calligraphy characteristics of the three remnants. That is, by contrast and analysis of the typical sentences of the remnants and the related materials of the Dunhuang Tubo literature, the meaning of the "Sai, Simon" GSAS, Esang, Esangs and other benzene terms, the grammatical features of the Tubo period, the evolution of the word meaning and so on. And through the comparison of several similar font documents, the calligraphy features of three fragments are described.
The third chapter analyzes and probes into the discovery of the three remnants so as to understand and study the culture, politics, economy and the literature value and practical significance of the Tubo Period. Finally, through the analysis of the vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure and content of the documents, the writing period of the three remnants is preliminarily determined.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K877.9
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