【摘要】： 本文以清代乾隆仿生瓷為主要研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其進(jìn)行較為系統(tǒng)研究。全文共分為六個(gè)部分。 前言,主要敘述了乾隆仿生瓷的概況與目前乾隆仿生瓷的研究的狀況以及本文寫(xiě)作目的、意義。目前對(duì)乾隆仿生瓷的研究文章,相對(duì)較少,僅見(jiàn)于呂成龍所寫(xiě)的《乾隆御窯象生瓷》[6];江松所寫(xiě)的《清乾隆朝官窯象生瓷》[7];寧剛、李娜所寫(xiě)的《乾隆仿生瓷的藝術(shù)特色》[8]等為數(shù)不多的幾篇文章,多為介紹性文章,尚未對(duì)乾隆仿生瓷作以全面、系統(tǒng),綜合性研究。本文搜集到國(guó)內(nèi)外近百件乾隆仿生瓷制品,均為現(xiàn)今國(guó)內(nèi)外館藏及店藏傳世精品,在全面收集資料的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有研究成果,對(duì)乾隆仿生瓷進(jìn)行較為細(xì)致的分類(lèi)研究,全面梳理乾隆仿生瓷基本面貌,以達(dá)到對(duì)乾隆仿生瓷有更為全面的了解,并對(duì)乾隆仿生瓷發(fā)展興盛的原因作以研究,力求對(duì)乾隆仿生瓷進(jìn)行較為全面系統(tǒng)的分析與研究,為其進(jìn)一步的深入研究,提供相關(guān)依據(jù)和文獻(xiàn)資料為乾隆仿生瓷作出一定貢獻(xiàn)。同時(shí),展示清代乾隆仿生瓷作為古代傳世藝術(shù)精品的重要組成部分的重要藝術(shù)價(jià)值和歷史價(jià)值,是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化與藝術(shù)品制造的完美結(jié)合,是先輩們的高度智慧與創(chuàng)造精神的結(jié)晶。揭示清代傳統(tǒng)制瓷業(yè)的巨大成就,以及當(dāng)時(shí)制瓷工藝承舊制、創(chuàng)新篇所取得的輝煌成功。 第一章,仿生瓷的概念與范圍。主要對(duì)仿生瓷的概念和范圍進(jìn)行了探究,提出了本文所界定的仿生瓷的概念和類(lèi)別范圍,筆者認(rèn)為仿生瓷的概念應(yīng)為器物主體仿擬現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的生物、器物等不同物體而燒制的瓷器,而非瓷器的固有形制特征及特征,器物整體表現(xiàn)為仿生之意。它可以是仿擬人類(lèi)、動(dòng)植物、器物或仿擬物體的外表體征,材質(zhì)和膚理等等,其工藝以惟妙惟肖、以假亂真為目標(biāo)。仿生瓷具有三個(gè)特征,第一、器物主體仿擬現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的生物、器物等不同物體而燒制,而非器物的局部構(gòu)件仿生。第二、仿生瓷表現(xiàn)為非瓷器的固有形制及特征,這里包括瓷器固有的傳統(tǒng)器型,或釉色、材質(zhì)膚理等特征。第三、仿生瓷器物整體表現(xiàn)為仿生之意。即該器物工藝以惟妙惟肖、以假亂真為目標(biāo)。仿生瓷的范圍包括兩種器物,一種是器物主體仿擬現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的生物、器物等不同物體的造型而燒制瓷器,可以稱(chēng)之為造型仿生瓷;另一種是器物主體仿擬現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的生物、器物等不同物體的材質(zhì)和膚理而燒制瓷器,可以稱(chēng)之為裝飾仿生瓷。 第二章,造型仿生瓷。造型仿生瓷乾隆造型仿生瓷是以器物主體仿擬現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的生物、器物等不同物體的造型而達(dá)到仿生的效果,既有仿擬造型準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤,仿肖逼真,達(dá)到以假亂真程度的象生之作,也有以微觀(guān)器物仿擬客觀(guān)事物造型的精巧之作。據(jù)已收集資料,乾隆造型仿生瓷可為:仿人類(lèi)、仿動(dòng)物類(lèi)、仿植物類(lèi)、仿器物類(lèi)和仿建筑物類(lèi)五種類(lèi)型。其中仿人類(lèi)仿生瓷,見(jiàn)有兩種形制,一種為仿人物瓷偶,另一種為仿人物香插。仿動(dòng)物類(lèi)根據(jù)其形制的不同可分為仿獸類(lèi)、仿禽類(lèi)和和仿水生動(dòng)物類(lèi)3種類(lèi)型。仿植物類(lèi)仿生瓷根據(jù)其形制的不同可分為仿鮮、干果類(lèi)、仿花、葉類(lèi)和和仿蔬菜類(lèi)3種類(lèi)型。仿器物類(lèi)仿生瓷根據(jù)其形制的不同可分為仿生活用器類(lèi)和仿佛前供器類(lèi)2種類(lèi)型。仿建筑物類(lèi)仿生瓷共有5件,根據(jù)其形制的不同可分為仿塔類(lèi)和仿亭類(lèi)2種類(lèi)型。 第三章,裝飾仿生瓷。乾隆裝飾仿生瓷是以器物主體仿擬現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的生物、器物等不同物體的材質(zhì)和膚理等而達(dá)到仿生的效果所燒制的瓷器。據(jù)已收集資料,乾隆裝飾仿生瓷可為:仿木器、仿漆器、仿銅器、仿金器、仿石器、仿玉器、仿竹器、仿白蠟釉器、仿鯊魚(yú)皮釉器9種類(lèi)型。其中仿木器仿生瓷根據(jù)其形制的不同可分為仿木碗、仿高足盤(pán)、仿木筆筒和仿木多穆壺4種類(lèi)型。仿漆器仿生瓷根據(jù)已收集到的資料,乾隆仿漆器瓷可分為兩種類(lèi)型,一種為仿雕漆;另一種為仿朱漆。仿銅器仿生瓷,根據(jù)已收集到的資料,可分為仿青銅器、仿錯(cuò)金銀銅器和仿鎏金銅器三種類(lèi)型。仿金器仿生瓷共有2件,均為佛教法器中的金法輪。仿石器仿生瓷根據(jù)已收集到的資料可分為仿石紋器和仿石山子兩種類(lèi)型。還見(jiàn)有仿玉器瓷、仿竹器、仿白蠟釉器和仿鯊魚(yú)皮釉器幾種類(lèi)型。 第四章,乾隆仿生瓷發(fā)展與興盛的原因。分析其乾隆仿生瓷發(fā)展與興盛的原因,筆者認(rèn)為有以下四個(gè)方面。一、良好的社會(huì)狀況對(duì)制瓷業(yè)的支持,乾隆盛世良好的社會(huì)狀況使景德鎮(zhèn)制瓷業(yè)發(fā)展昌盛,昌盛的制瓷業(yè)是這種突破傳統(tǒng)審美觀(guān)、傳統(tǒng)工藝的仿生瓷的發(fā)展和興盛基礎(chǔ);二、制瓷工藝的高度發(fā)達(dá),正是制瓷工藝技術(shù)水平的高度發(fā)達(dá)與成熟,為乾隆仿生瓷的發(fā)展與興盛提供了必備條件。三、乾隆皇帝對(duì)制瓷業(yè)的影響與支持,關(guān)于乾隆皇帝對(duì)制瓷業(yè)的影響與支持,筆者認(rèn)為主要有三個(gè)方面。第一、乾隆皇帝自身的品好對(duì)制瓷業(yè)的影響,乾隆皇帝是個(gè)自命“風(fēng)雅”的封建帝王,對(duì)瓷器的愛(ài)好尤甚。在他的倡導(dǎo)和影響下,當(dāng)時(shí)上流社會(huì)崇尚風(fēng)雅的習(xí)俗十分盛行。為了迎合乾隆皇帝的這種品好,迎合上意,當(dāng)時(shí)景德鎮(zhèn)御窯廠(chǎng)由唐英和催總老格等專(zhuān)門(mén)主持、試制和創(chuàng)新新樣供奉,燒造奇技精巧的器物以取媚于皇上。如此在一定程度上刺激了制瓷技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新。第二、乾隆皇帝對(duì)制瓷業(yè)巨大的財(cái)力支持,乾隆皇帝由于對(duì)瓷器的偏好,對(duì)其予以巨大的財(cái)力投入與支持,是對(duì)制瓷業(yè)興盛發(fā)展的重要保證。第三、乾隆皇帝對(duì)制瓷的要求刻意求精,對(duì)制瓷的要求可謂管理嚴(yán)格,刻意求精。對(duì)制瓷業(yè)的發(fā)展起到了重要的促進(jìn)作用是乾隆時(shí)期制瓷業(yè)發(fā)展興盛的原因之一,對(duì)制瓷業(yè)產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。第四、督窯官唐英的杰出貢獻(xiàn)。乾隆時(shí)期,唐英全權(quán)受命總理廠(chǎng)窯,在雍正時(shí)期已取得成績(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)發(fā)展,制瓷工藝技術(shù)水平達(dá)到歷史頂峰,創(chuàng)新作品不斷涌現(xiàn),形成乾隆時(shí)期所獨(dú)具的瓷器造型和藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。唐英身心投入,善于學(xué)習(xí),親自參與窯務(wù),以匠人為師,努力掌握陶冶技術(shù),成為杰出的制瓷專(zhuān)家。他“講究陶法,于泥土釉料、坯胎火候,具有心得,躬自指揮”對(duì)乾隆制瓷的革新創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)生了重要的影響,對(duì)乾隆仿生瓷的發(fā)展與興盛也起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。對(duì)乾隆制瓷管理有方,使景德鎮(zhèn)出現(xiàn)了“鎮(zhèn)人日益盛,鎮(zhèn)陶日益精,莫不奮興鼓舞”的昌盛景象。唐英的杰出貢獻(xiàn)對(duì)乾隆制瓷業(yè)的發(fā)展興盛起到了重要的促進(jìn)作用,同時(shí)也是乾隆仿生瓷的發(fā)展與興盛的一個(gè)重要原因。 結(jié)語(yǔ),對(duì)本文所作的研究工作進(jìn)行了歸納和總結(jié)。本文以收集到的目前國(guó)內(nèi)外館藏及店藏近百件乾隆仿生瓷為例,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的梳理,運(yùn)用分類(lèi)和歸納的方法進(jìn)行初步研究,明確了仿生瓷的概念和范圍,基本理清了乾隆仿生瓷的類(lèi)型與類(lèi)別,對(duì)乾隆仿生瓷的發(fā)展與興盛的原因進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究與歸納。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the Qianlong bionic porcelain in Qing Dynasty as the main object of study, and makes a systematic study of it. The full text is divided into six parts.
The preface describes the general situation of Qianlong bionic porcelain and the present research status of Qianlong bionic porcelain and the purpose and significance of this article. At present, the research articles on Qianlong's bionic porcelain are relatively few, only in Lv Chenglong's "Qianlong Royal kiln, Yimu porcelain >[6]", and "Qing Qianlong Dynasty Imperial porcelain porcelain >[7]; Ning Gang, Li Na" The artistic features of Qianlong bionic porcelain are >[8] and so few articles, most of which are introductory articles. It has not yet made comprehensive, systematic and comprehensive studies on Qianlong's bionic porcelain. The research results have made a more detailed classification and study of Qian Long's bionic porcelain, comprehensively combing the basic features of Qian Long's bionic porcelain, in order to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of Qian Long's bionic porcelain, and study the reasons for the prosperity of Qian Long's bionic porcelain, and strive for a more comprehensive and systematic analysis and study of Qian Long's bionic porcelain. The in-depth study, the provision of relevant basis and literature material for Qian Long's bionic porcelain made certain contributions. At the same time, it shows the important artistic value and historical value of Qian Long's bionic porcelain in the Qing Dynasty as an important part of the ancient art of the world. It is the perfect combination of Chinese traditional culture and the manufacture of art, and the high wisdom and creativity of the ancestors. The crystallization of the gods reveals the great achievements of the traditional porcelain industry in the Qing Dynasty, and the brilliant success made by the porcelain making process.
The first chapter, the concept and scope of bionic porcelain, mainly explores the concept and scope of bionic porcelain, and puts forward the concept and category scope of the bionic porcelain defined in this article. The author thinks that the concept of bionic porcelain should be a kind of porcelain which is burned by the objects of the objects, such as the objects and other objects in the real life, rather than the inherent form of porcelain. Features and features, the utensils as a whole show the meaning of bionic. It can be imitated the appearance of human, animal and plant, the material and skin of objects, material and skin, and so on. Its craft is to be the objective. The bionic porcelain has three features. First, the object is made to imitate the living creatures, objects and other different objects in the real life. Second, the bionic porcelain is shown as the inherent form and characteristic of non porcelain, which includes the inherent traditional form of porcelain, or glaze, skin texture and so on. Third, the bionic porcelain as a whole shows the meaning of bionic. That is, the artifact craft is aimed at the only thing that is false and true. The range of bionic porcelain includes two A kind of utensil, one is a kind of utensil subject to the imitation of the real life of the living things, the modeling of different objects, such as utensils, and burning porcelain, can be called the modeling bionic porcelain; the other is the object body imitation of the real life of living things, objects and other objects of the material and skin to burn porcelain, can be called decorative imitation porcelain.
The second chapter, modeling bionic porcelain. Modeling bionic porcelain Qianlong modeling bionic porcelain is the effect of imitation of biological, utensils and other different objects in real life. It has both the accuracy of imitation and the imitation of the true degree, as well as imitating the objective things with microscopic objects. According to the collected data, Qianlong modeling bionic porcelain can be used as five types of imitation human, animal imitation, imitation plant, imitation utensil and imitation building. Among them, there are two forms of imitation of human imitation porcelain, one is imitation figure porcelain and the other is imitation of characters, which can be divided into beasts and imitation birds according to their different forms. The imitation plant bionic porcelain can be divided into 3 types: imitation fresh, dry fruit, flower imitation, leaf and vegetable like vegetable according to its different forms. Imitation utensils imitation porcelain can be divided into 2 types according to the different forms of its form, including 2 types of imitating living apparatus and as if the former donor. There are 5 imitation building imitation porcelain. Different shapes can be divided into 2 types: imitation tower and imitation Pavilion.
The third chapter, adornment bionic porcelain. The Qianlong decorative imitation porcelain is a kind of porcelain made by imitation of the material and skin of different objects in real life, such as the material and skin of different objects in the real life. According to the data collected, Qianlong adornment imitation porcelain can be used as wood imitation, lacquer, copper imitation, imitation gold, imitation stone, imitation jade, imitation bamboo, Imitation white wax glaze, imitation shark skin glaze 9 types, of which imitation wood imitation porcelain can be divided into 4 types according to their different forms, such as imitation wood bowl, imitation high foot plate, imitation wood pen and imitation wood pot. According to the data collected, imitation lacquerware in Qianlong can be divided into two types, one is imitated lacquer, the other is imitation Zhu lacquer. Imitation copper Bionic porcelain, according to the collected data, can be divided into three types: imitation bronze, imitating gold, silver and silver bronze and imitation gilded bronze. There are 2 imitation gold imitation porcelain porcelain, all of which are the gold Falun in Buddhist tools. Imitation stone imitation porcelain can be divided into two types of imitation stone and imitation Ishiyama Ko according to the data collected. It is similar to white wax glaze and shark skin enamel.
The fourth chapter, the reasons for the development and prosperity of Qianlong bionic porcelain. Analysis of the reasons for the development and prosperity of the Qianlong bionic porcelain. The author believes that there are four aspects. First, the good social conditions support the porcelain industry, the good social situation in the flourishing period of Qianlong makes Jingdezhen porcelain industry flourishing, and the prosperous porcelain industry is this kind of breakthrough traditional aesthetic concept, The development and flourishing foundation of the bionic porcelain of the unified process; two, the highly developed technology of porcelain making is the highly developed and mature of the technological level of porcelain making, which provides the necessary conditions for the development and prosperity of Qianlong's bionic porcelain. (three) the influence and support of Emperor Qianlong on the making of porcelain industry are related to the influence and support of Emperor Qianlong on the making of porcelain industry. There are three main aspects. First, the influence of emperor Qian Long's own good on the porcelain industry, Emperor Qian Long is a self ordered "elegant" feudal emperor, especially the love of porcelain. Under his advocacy and influence, the custom of upholding elegant society was very popular at that time. In order to cater to Qian Long emperor this kind of good, cater to the view, then the view, then the scenery, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the scene, the scene, then the view, then the scene, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the view, then the scene, the scene, then the view The Dezhen Royal kiln factory was specially presided over by Tang Ying and the general Lao Ge and so on. It tried to make and innovate the new samples, and burned the exquisite artifact to the emperor. To a certain extent, it stimulated the innovation of porcelain making technology. Second, Emperor Qianlong's great financial support to the porcelain industry, emperor Emperor Qianlong gave it a huge wealth because of his preference for porcelain. Force input and support are the important guarantee for the prosperity and development of China's porcelain industry. Third, Emperor Qian Long's requirements for porcelain making are deliberately refined, and the requirements for porcelain making are strictly managed and deliberately refined. The important promotion of the development of the porcelain industry is one of the reasons for the prosperity of the development of the porcelain industry in the period of Qian Long, which has produced an important shadow to the porcelain industry. Fourth, fourth, the outstanding contribution of the governor of the governor of the kiln. During the Qianlong period, Tang Ying was appointed as the prime minister's factory kiln, and continued to develop on the basis of the achievements of the Yong Zheng period. The technological level of the porcelain production reached the peak of history, and the creative works were constantly emerging to form the unique porcelain shape and artistic style of the Emperor Qianlong. Taking part in the kiln himself, taking the craftsman as a teacher, he made great efforts to master the ceramic technology and became an outstanding porcelain expert. He had an important influence on the innovation and creation of Qian Long porcelain, which had an important influence on the innovation and creation of the porcelain made by Qian Long. He played an important role in the development and prosperity of Qian Long's bionic porcelain. The effective management of porcelain made Jingdezhen a prosperous scene of "the growing town people, the increasingly refined town and the encouragement". The outstanding contribution of Tang to Britain has played an important role in promoting the prosperity of the Qianlong porcelain industry, and is also an important reason for the development and prosperity of Qianlong's bionic porcelain.
In the conclusion, the research work of this article is summarized and summed up. In this paper, the collection of domestic and foreign library and store close to hundreds of Qianlong bionic porcelain for example, the systematic combing, the use of classification and induction methods to make a preliminary study, clear the concept and scope of bionic porcelain, basically clear the class of Qianlong bionic porcelain Type and category, the reasons for the development and prosperity of Qianlong bionic porcelain were deeply studied and summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K876.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 甄小翠;原竹與陶瓷組合家居飾品的設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)研究[D];中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2145571