【摘要】：二里頭文化是崛起于中原腹地、分布范圍空前擴(kuò)大、內(nèi)涵極其豐富、具有高度發(fā)展水平的一支考古學(xué)文化。其在形成過(guò)程中博采眾長(zhǎng),吸收了眾多其他文化中先進(jìn)的因素,推動(dòng)了自身的發(fā)展壯大。盡管二里頭文化已是青銅時(shí)代的文化,但是其初始階段,大量的文化遺存仍屬日用陶器、石器和骨器等。在劃分考古學(xué)文化和類(lèi)型的研究中起主要作用的仍是陶器�；ㄟ吙趫A腹罐是二里頭文化中具有顯著特色的一類(lèi)陶器,自二里頭文化一期萌芽,二期發(fā)展到全盛,三期逐漸衰退,四期漸趨消亡,其器類(lèi)典型、出土數(shù)量多、分布地域廣,具有鮮明的時(shí)代特點(diǎn)和地域特色,是二里頭文化陶器組合的核心之一,甚至有學(xué)者說(shuō)此類(lèi)器物是衡量某一文化遺存是否為二里頭文化的標(biāo)型器。但是這類(lèi)器物在中原地區(qū)找不到其前身,而分布于西北地區(qū)稍早于二里頭文化以及與其同時(shí)期的一些文化中都有所發(fā)現(xiàn)。通過(guò)對(duì)二里頭文化及西北地區(qū)與之同時(shí)和稍早的遺址中出土花邊口圓腹罐的系統(tǒng)梳理發(fā)現(xiàn),二里頭文化花邊口圓腹罐的來(lái)源與西北地區(qū)的齊家文化和客省莊文化有關(guān)。經(jīng)對(duì)比,二里頭文化中的一些花邊作風(fēng)均能在齊家、客省莊文化中找到相似的同類(lèi)器,但是二里頭文化的人們并非全盤(pán)照搬西北地區(qū)這兩種文化中此類(lèi)器物的作風(fēng),而是有所選擇的吸收后又進(jìn)行了創(chuàng)新。其中附加泥條類(lèi)“∞”狀、附加泥條鋸齒狀花邊口圓腹罐的作風(fēng)源自齊家文化,非附加泥條鋸齒狀花邊口圓腹罐的作風(fēng)源自客省莊文化,而附加泥條繩紋狀花邊口圓腹罐應(yīng)是二里頭文化東下馮類(lèi)型的創(chuàng)新,附加泥條菱格狀和非附加泥條類(lèi)“∞”狀花邊口圓腹罐則是二里頭類(lèi)型的獨(dú)特創(chuàng)新。源自西北地區(qū)的這種鮮明的陶器風(fēng)格傳入中原的動(dòng)因很可能是環(huán)境惡化及戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)促成的,在距今四千多年前西北地區(qū)氣候惡化,促使齊家文化的人群東遷,其一度到達(dá)了關(guān)中東部。齊家、客省莊文化人群與向西尋求對(duì)外擴(kuò)張的二里頭文化人群相遇,使得西北地區(qū)花邊口圓腹罐在這種激烈的碰撞與交流中被二里頭文化的人主動(dòng)吸收,成為中原文明的一部分�；ㄟ吙趫A腹罐一傳入中原,就深受二里頭文化人的喜愛(ài),他們不僅保留了吸納的花邊風(fēng)格,還創(chuàng)造了新的風(fēng)格。
[Abstract]:Erlitou culture is an archeological culture rising in the hinterland of the Central Plains with an unprecedented expansion of distribution, extremely rich connotation and a high level of development. It has absorbed many advanced factors in other cultures and promoted its own development. Although Erlitou culture was already a Bronze Age culture, a large number of cultural relics were still domestic pottery, stone tools and bone objects in its initial stage. Pottery still plays a major role in the study of the classification of archaeological cultures and types. The lace-mouth circular pot is a kind of pottery with remarkable characteristics in Erlitou culture. It has developed from the first stage of Erlitou culture to its full prosperity in the second phase, gradually declined in the third period, and gradually died out in the fourth period. It is typical of its type, with a large number of excavations and a wide distribution. It is one of the core of Erlitou cultural pottery combination with distinct characteristics of the times and regions. Even some scholars say that this kind of artifacts is a standard device to measure whether a certain cultural remains is Erlitou culture. However, this kind of artifacts can not be found in the Central Plains region, but has been found in the northwest region earlier than Erlitou culture and some of its contemporaries. Through the systematic combing of Erlitou culture and the circular pots unearthed at the same time and earlier sites in northwest China, it is found that the origin of the circular pots at the lace mouth of Erlitou culture is related to the Qijia culture and the Hakashangzhuang culture in the northwest region. By contrast, some of the lace styles in Erlitou culture can all be found in the Qijia and Hakashangzhuang cultures, but the people of Erlitou culture do not copy the style of such objects in these two cultures in the Northwest region. Instead, selective absorption was followed by innovation. Among them, the "鈭，

本文編號(hào)：2120640