發(fā)布時間：2018-07-02 10:32

  本文選題：骨刷 + 抿子�。� 參考：《黑龍江大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文主要以宋元時期考古所見的骨刷為研究對象,主要對骨刷進(jìn)行了分期、斷代,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了相關(guān)問題的研究。主要有以下幾點認(rèn)識:一、通過對目前出土的宋元骨刷的類型學(xué)排隊,將其分成圓柱狀細(xì)柄的A型和扁狀寬柄的B型。其中,將A型分為孔分布呈長方形的Aa型、孔分布呈橢圓形的Ab型;B型分為無肩的Ba型、尾部呈扇子形的Bb型。依據(jù)其形制的演變規(guī)律,將骨刷分為二期4段。背面沒有凹槽的第1、第2段為第一期,約為遼早中期;骨刷背面有凹槽的第3、第4段為第二期,分別為遼晚期至金元時期。二、在分期的基礎(chǔ)上,考察骨刷分布的時代變化。遼早中期,A型主要集中于赤峰北部地區(qū),B型零散則分布于我國南方地區(qū)。到了遼晚期,A型骨刷的分布地區(qū)由赤峰北部向附近地區(qū)擴(kuò)大,向西布及到河北北部、內(nèi)蒙古西部,向東拓展到遼寧西部,向北擴(kuò)張到內(nèi)蒙古北部、吉林西部,向南擴(kuò)展到赤峰南部和北京等地。B型由分散于南方地區(qū)逐漸集中于河南地區(qū),并在河南地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了A、B型混合分布的地區(qū)。金元時期,A、B型骨刷混合分布的區(qū)域,向北擴(kuò)展到山西北部、河北北部、內(nèi)蒙古西部和北京等地,向南擴(kuò)大到了東南沿海地區(qū)。結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)來看,骨刷的分布的變化主要受政權(quán)中心、疆域、政權(quán)消亡所影響。三、通過對墓主人身份的考察,發(fā)現(xiàn)骨刷的使用人群主要是契丹、奚、漢等民族,而且總體上以成年女性為主。綜合分析骨刷形制、出土情景、共生器物組合以及有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)、壁畫、繪畫等資料,可知考古所見的宋元骨刷,大部分為文獻(xiàn)中提到的“刷(抿)”,即澤發(fā)用具,起源于晚唐前后,發(fā)展于宋金,元末以后逐漸流行。在其發(fā)展過程中,南方地區(qū)的A型骨刷在元代,出現(xiàn)了清理齒垢的功能并逐漸發(fā)展成為牙刷。而學(xué)者根據(jù)敦煌壁畫“揩齒圖”認(rèn)為我國牙刷起源于佛教的說法是不可靠的。另外,從窯址中骨刷的出土情景來看,此類發(fā)現(xiàn)的骨刷也并非學(xué)者們所推測的制瓷工具。
[Abstract]:This article mainly takes the bone brush seen in the Song and Yuan dynasties as the research object, mainly carries on the stage, the generation to the bone brush, and on this basis, has carried on the related question research. The main conclusions are as follows: first, by the typology of the bone brushes unearthed in Song and Yuan dynasties, the brushes are divided into A type with cylindrical thin handle and B type with flat broad handle. Among them, A type is divided into A type with a rectangular pore distribution, Ab type B type with an elliptical hole distribution is classified as Ba type without shoulder and B type with a fan shape at the tail. According to the evolution law of its shape, the bone brush is divided into two stages and four sections. The first stage, the second stage, is the first stage, about the middle period of Liao Dynasty, and the third, the fourth stage, which has the groove on the back of the bone brush, from the late Liao period to the Jin and Yuan Dynasty, respectively. Secondly, on the basis of stages, the time changes of bone brush distribution were investigated. Type A is mainly distributed in the north of Chifeng and scattered in the southern part of China. At the end of the Liao Dynasty, the distribution of the type A bone brushes expanded from the northern part of Chifeng to the nearby area, to Xibu and to the north of Hebei, to the western part of Inner Mongolia, to the east to the western part of Liaoning, to the north of Inner Mongolia and to the western part of Jilin. It extends to the south of Chifeng and Beijing, and distributes from south to south and gradually concentrates in Henan, and there is a mixed distribution of AZB in Henan. In the Jin and Yuan dynasties, the mixed distribution of AZB type bone brushes spread northward to northern Shanxi, northern Hebei, western Inner Mongolia and Beijing, and extended southward to the southeast coastal areas. According to the literature, the distribution of bone brush is mainly affected by regime center, territory and regime extinction. Third, through the investigation of the identity of the owner of the tomb, it was found that the use of bone brush was mainly composed of Khitan, Xi, Han and other ethnic groups, and the majority of adult women. By synthetically analyzing the shape of bone brushes, unearthed scenes, symbiotic utensils and related documents, murals, paintings, etc., we can see that most of the bones brushes in Song and Yuan dynasties, as mentioned in the literature, are "brushes (sips)" mentioned in the literature, that is, sallow hair utensils. Originated around the late Tang Dynasty, developed in the Song and Jin dynasties, the end of the Yuan Dynasty gradually popular. In the process of its development, A type bone brushes in Southern China appeared the function of cleaning tooth scale and gradually developed into toothbrushes in Yuan Dynasty. According to Dunhuang frescoes, the Chinese toothbrush originated from Buddhism is unreliable. In addition, according to the unearthed scene of bone brush in kiln site, this kind of bone brush is not a porcelain tool that scholars speculate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K876.1

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