本文選題：紙質(zhì)文物 + 保護(hù)　； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)作為一個(gè)具有5000年歷史的文明古國(guó),歷史為我們留下了大量的寶貴的不可再生的文化遺產(chǎn),這些活態(tài)的文化遺產(chǎn)不僅構(gòu)成了中華民族深厚的文化底蘊(yùn),也承載著中華民族文化淵源的基因,其中紙質(zhì)文物即是中國(guó)古代文明進(jìn)步的縮影之一。文物材質(zhì)物理性質(zhì)決定了紙質(zhì)文物易受到酸、堿、光照、溫度,濕度、霉菌等因素的影響而變黃、變脆、發(fā)霉、老化、粘連,其中以霉菌影響最為嚴(yán)重�？諝庵械拿咕咦釉谶m宜溫度、pH、濕度條件下會(huì)在宣紙上生長(zhǎng)繁殖,并會(huì)分泌大量的有機(jī)酸及色素等,這些代謝物會(huì)使紙張酸性增大,機(jī)械強(qiáng)度降低,形成不同顏色的霉斑,這不僅影響觀瞻效果嚴(yán)重時(shí)則能導(dǎo)致文物面貌全非、損毀殆盡。大量資料表明,清除紙質(zhì)文物上的霉斑是國(guó)內(nèi)外文物保護(hù)專家普遍關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,迄今為止,仍沒(méi)有成熟、可靠的方法可以借鑒。作為探索者,結(jié)合遼寧省博物館的科研工作,我們以晚清年間書(shū)法作品的宣紙文物為研究對(duì)象,在確保文物無(wú)損的前提下,通過(guò)霉斑模擬、霉斑成份分析,進(jìn)而對(duì)霉斑清洗方法展開(kāi)研究,為霉菌防治和紙質(zhì)文物保護(hù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：1、霉菌復(fù)蘇、分離、純化及菌株鑒定對(duì)書(shū)法作品上的霉菌菌株進(jìn)行復(fù)蘇、分離、純化,選取五株純化后菌進(jìn)行鑒定,采用核糖體18S rDNA-ITS序列分析,從分子水平上確定了5個(gè)菌株,其中1號(hào)菌與2號(hào)菌均屬于籃狀菌屬Talaromyces amestolkiae (HQ026745),3號(hào)菌為鏈格孢霉屬Alternaria eichhorniae strain (KC146356),4號(hào)菌與5號(hào)菌均屬于產(chǎn)黃青霉屬Penicillium chrysogenum strain (HQ026745)。2、霉斑模擬及霉斑成份分析由于文物比較珍貴,不能直接用于試驗(yàn),所以在研究前對(duì)文物上霉斑進(jìn)行了模擬,供下一步霉斑成份分析及清洗研究使用。首先將產(chǎn)黃青霉菌接種到宣紙上,用軟毛刷對(duì)霉菌菌絲進(jìn)行處理,將霉斑作為研究對(duì)象,分別采用薄層分析法,氨基酸分析儀對(duì)其中多糖,氨基酸等成份進(jìn)行分析,經(jīng)測(cè)定多糖組成為半乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖、木糖、甘露糖。霉斑樣品中組氨基酸含量比對(duì)照組高,約為對(duì)照組的20-30倍,其中半胱氨酸、異亮氨酸、組氨酸是霉斑樣品特有的,對(duì)照組沒(méi)有,兩者均沒(méi)有脯氨酸和色氨酸。3、生物酶復(fù)配清洗劑篩選及清洗條件優(yōu)化針對(duì)霉斑中多糖及氨基酸分析結(jié)果,選用木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、堿性蛋白酶和作為主要酶制劑,選擇脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸鈉(AEC)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AE09)、十二烷基聚葡萄糖苷(APG)3種表面活性劑與生物酶制成復(fù)配清洗劑。綜合白度、光澤度、拉力強(qiáng)度、酸堿度等指標(biāo),確定木瓜蛋白酶與AE09復(fù)配體系,霉斑去除效果最好。清洗后紙樣白度上升5.58,pH恢復(fù)至中性,光澤度、拉力強(qiáng)度與對(duì)照組比較無(wú)顯著差異。
[Abstract]:As an ancient civilization with a history of 5,000 years, China's history has left us with a large number of valuable and non-renewable cultural heritage. These living cultural heritages not only constitute the profound cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, It also bears the genes of Chinese culture origin, among which the paper cultural relics are the epitome of the progress of ancient Chinese civilization. The physical properties of cultural relic material determine that the paper cultural relic is vulnerable to the influence of acid, alkali, illumination, temperature, humidity, mold and other factors, such as yellowing, brittle, mildew, aging and adhesion, in which mold is the most serious. The mold spores in the air will grow and reproduce on Xuan paper at suitable pH and humidity, and will secrete a large amount of organic acids and pigments. These metabolites will increase the acidity of the paper, reduce the mechanical strength, and form mold spots of different colors. This not only affects the visual effect of serious can lead to the appearance of cultural relics completely destroyed. A large number of data show that removing moldy spots on paper cultural relics is the focus and difficulty of domestic and foreign cultural relic protection experts. Up to now, there are still no mature and reliable methods to learn from. As an explorer, in combination with the scientific research work of the Liaoning Provincial Museum, we take the Xuan paper cultural relics of the calligraphy works of the late Qing Dynasty as the research objects. On the premise of ensuring that the cultural relics are not damaged, we use the mold spot simulation to analyze the composition of the mildew spots. Then, the cleaning method of mildew spot is studied, which provides scientific basis for the prevention and cure of mold and the protection of paper cultural relics. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1: 1, resuscitation, isolation, purification and identification of mycetes in calligraphy works. Five purified strains were selected for identification and ribosomal 18s rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. Five strains were identified at the molecular level, Both bacteria 1 and 2 belong to the genus Talaromyces amestolkiae (HQ026745), bacteria 3 belong to Alternaria eichhorniae strain (KC146356), bacteria 4 and 5 belong to Penicillium chrysogenum strain (HQ026745) .2. It can not be directly used in the test, so the mold spot on the cultural relics is simulated before the study, which can be used for the further analysis and cleaning of the mold spot. First of all, Penicillium xanthophylla was inoculated on the rice paper, treated with soft brush, and mildew spot was used as the research object. The polysaccharides and amino acids were analyzed by thin-layer analysis and amino acid analyzer, respectively. The polysaccharides were determined to be galactose, glucose, fructose, xylose, mannose. The content of amino acids in the samples of mould spot was 20-30 times higher than that in the control group, and cysteine, isoleucine and histidine were unique to the sample of mould spot, but not in the control group. There was no proline or tryptophan. The screening and cleaning conditions were optimized. The papain, trypsin, alkaline protease and the main enzyme preparation were selected for the analysis of polysaccharides and amino acids in mildew spot. Three surfactants, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate (AEC), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AE09) and dodecyl polyglucoside (APG), were selected to prepare the compound detergent. According to the indexes of whiteness, gloss, tensile strength, acidity and alkalinity, the best removal effect was obtained by determining the compound system of papain and AE09. After cleaning, the whiteness of the sample increased to a neutral pH value of 5.58 渭 m, and there was no significant difference in luster and tensile strength between the two groups.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：K876.9;Q93

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