本文選題：新石器時期至明清時期 + 橫吹笛　； 參考：《中國音樂學院》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文旨在對從新石器時期到明清時期橫吹笛樂器的形制發(fā)展做出一個大致考略，每時期中將資料分為了文獻資料、實物資料、圖畫資料三部分進行整理，精選出各時期有代表性的進行展示分析，說明每一時期橫吹笛形制的主要走向。 20世紀80年代左右至今，各地都出土了一大批有分量的橫吹笛樂器，遠古有骨笛骨哨，后世有做工精致、音律完善的橫吹笛。這些考古實物配之文獻史料，能更加確切的說明我國古代橫吹笛的發(fā)展。 新石器時期多以考古文物為重，如賈湖骨笛、河姆渡骨笛等，這樣一大批的骨笛的出土，也是后世學者證明中國自古已有橫吹樂器的有力佐證。夏至戰(zhàn)國時期出土的樂器多在北方，在經(jīng)過禮樂高峰周代之后，無論從史料還是實物中都不難看出，橫吹笛樂器的制作與演奏場合、方法都已趨向于固定性、穩(wěn)定性。漢時期，各民族間廣泛交流，中原地區(qū)也傳入了大量外民族的橫吹笛類，主要盛行的有羌笛。此時期的史料記載尤為豐富，但其中不乏相互矛盾者，如馬融的《長笛賦》說漢代的笛都是起源于羌族。但后世也有史書記載張騫只是將外來笛的演奏法傳入西京。這些矛盾的史料讓歷代學者都頗有疑惑，筆者結(jié)合實物、史料、圖畫以及前人的研究，分析認為漢時期主要有三種橫吹笛類型：羌笛、古笛以及改良笛；橫吹笛的另一發(fā)展高峰就是唐、宋時期。唐時期四夷臣服，不僅北邊的少數(shù)民族，海外的日本、朝鮮也與唐朝交流頻繁，這一時期傳入了兩頭笛等外國音樂的橫吹笛，為橫吹樂器注入了新鮮血液。宋代朝廷及學者對前朝發(fā)展興盛的樂器、音樂進行了整理，此時期的史書為后人研究古笛提供了更加精確的記載。最后明清時期的橫吹笛樂器基本就以膜笛最盛。其形制、演奏法等與近當代竹笛相同，，無太大變化。 本文對橫吹笛樂器形制資料作了較為努力的收集與分析，但由于受研究時間跨越大及部分相關史料查閱難度的限制，在史料收集方面定仍有遺漏，待以后有機會時再給以補充。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to make a general research on the development of the shape of flute instruments from the Neolithic period to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and divide the data into three parts: literature, material and drawing materials. A representative of each period was selected to show and analyze the main trend of the shape of the horizontal flute in each period. Since the 1980s, a large number of hefty piper instruments have been unearthed from all parts of the world, with bone flute and bone whistle in ancient times. Later generations have exquisite workmanship, perfect rhythm of the flute. These archaeological materials can more accurately explain the development of Chinese ancient piper. In the Neolithic period, archaeological relics, such as Jia Hu Gu Di, Hemudu Bone Flute, and so on, were unearthed, which is also the strong evidence that later scholars have proved that there have been horizontal blowing instruments in China since ancient times. Most of the instruments unearthed in the warring States period of the Summer Solstice were in the north. After the peak of etiquette and music in the Zhou Dynasty, it was not difficult to see from the historical data or the material objects that the methods of making and playing the flute instruments tended to be fixed and stable. During the Han Dynasty, various nationalities exchanged widely, and the Central Plains region also introduced a large number of foreign nationalities, mainly the Qiang flute. The historical records of this period are particularly rich, but there are many contradictions among them, such as Ma Rong's Flute Fu that the Han Dynasty flute originated from the Qiang nationality. But there are historical records that Zhang Qian only introduced the foreign flute playing method into Xijing. These contradictory historical materials have puzzled scholars of all dynasties. The author combines the material objects, historical materials, pictures and previous studies, and points out that there were three types of transversal flute in Han Dynasty: Qiang flute, ancient flute and improved flute; Another peak of the development of flutes was the Tang and Song dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, not only the minorities in the north, Japan and Korea also exchanged frequently with the Tang Dynasty. During this period, foreign music such as two flutes were introduced, and new blood was injected into the instruments. The Song Dynasty court and scholars arranged the instruments and music which developed and flourished in the former dynasty. The historical books of this period provided more accurate records for the later generations to study ancient flute. At last, film flute was the most popular instrument in Ming and Qing dynasties. Its shape, playing method and so on are the same as the modern bamboo flute, no great changes. This paper makes a great effort to collect and analyze the data of the shape of the flute instruments. However, due to the limitation of the time span of the research and the difficulty of consulting some related historical materials, there are still some omissions in the collection of historical materials, which will be supplemented when there is an opportunity to do so in the future.
【學位授予單位】：中國音樂學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K875.5

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本文編號：2042507