本文選題：臺灣地區(qū) + 石板棺墓��； 參考：《中央民族大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文運用考古地層學、考古類型學及文化因素分析法,對中國臺灣地區(qū)的石板棺墓進行了分區(qū)、分期研究。本文將臺灣地區(qū)的石板棺墓劃分為三大區(qū)域——臺灣東海岸地區(qū)、臺灣中部埔里盆地地區(qū)和臺灣南部地區(qū),具體從以下諸方面展開討論和分析,并得出自己的認識： 1.從墓葬形制上看,卑南文化卑南遺址的石板棺墓結構最為復雜,有蓋板、側板、端板、底板、橫板以及扣榫結構。型式也較多,可分為六大類。就目前的考古資料看,“橫板”這種結構僅出現在卑南文化的卑南遺址,不見于其它考古學文化；“扣榫”結構除見于卑南文化外,還見于金屬器及金屬時代的三和文化,此類結構的石板棺墓僅見于臺灣東海岸地區(qū)且出現的年代可能較晚。牛稠子文化、大馬磷文化等考古學文化的石板棺墓結構都較單- 2.從隨葬品的種類及數量上看,牛稠子文化和卑南文化部分石板棺墓有隨葬品,然而二文化在隨葬品的種類上相差甚大。牛稠子文化隨葬品以貝制品為特色,卑南文化隨葬品以玉制品為特色。大馬磷文化的石板棺墓以無隨葬品隨葬為特色。 3.從葬式和葬制上看,各考古學文化的石板棺墓中凡能判斷或推斷葬式的,都是采取仰身直肢葬。較為特殊的是,卑南文化除了有單體葬外,還有復體葬,此為該文化的一大特色,且出現的年代較晚。 4.從埋葬習俗上看,有人骨資料的牛稠子文化人和卑南文化人都有拔齒的傳統(tǒng),且拔齒模式較為統(tǒng)一,以拔去對稱的上顎左、右側門齒和犬齒(CI2│IC2)為主流。 5.從石板棺墓行“室內葬”看,卑南文化卑南遺址是否行室內葬仍有探討的余地,從現發(fā)表的資料看,行室內葬的證據尚不充分,而大馬磷文化曲冰遺址早期小型石板棺墓行室內葬的證據較為充分,但也并非所有的小型石板棺墓都遵循這一埋葬原則,遺址晚期并未發(fā)現小型石板棺墓行室內葬的現象。 6.從文化間的關系來看,臺灣地區(qū)各考古學文化之間的石板棺墓似未發(fā)現文化傳承的直接證據,若僅從石板棺墓的文化特征看,大馬磷文化和三和文化似乎受到卑南文化的強烈影響,是否為卑南文化人的后裔尚待探討；和大陸同類遺存相對比,兩岸似乎各成體系,并不見文化傳承的現象。 此外,卑南文化卑南遺址的石板棺墓的墓向均為東北—西南走向,呈現高度的一致性；墓主人頭像也以朝南為主流；棺板的拼接方式也呈現出以“南”為優(yōu)先的原則,因此,筆者推測“南向”必然在卑南文化的文化中有著重要意義。
[Abstract]:Based on the methods of archaeological stratigraphy, archaeological typology and cultural factors, the slate coffin tombs in Taiwan area of China are divided and studied by stages. In this paper, the slate coffin tombs in Taiwan are divided into three regions: the east coast of Taiwan, the Puli Basin in central Taiwan and the southern Taiwan. The discussion and analysis are made from the following aspects. And draw their own understanding: 1. From the perspective of burial form, the structure of stone slate coffin tomb in Penan site of Penan Culture is the most complex, with cover plate, side plate, end plate, bottom plate, transverse plate and tenon structure. More types, can be divided into six categories. From the current archaeological data, the "horizontal plate" structure appears only at the Penan site of the Penan culture, not in other archaeological cultures; the "tenon" structure is found not only in the Penan culture, but also in metal objects and the Sanhe culture of the metal age. The sarcophagus tombs of this kind of structure are only found in the east coast of Taiwan and may appear later. Niu thick son culture, Malaysia phosphorous culture and other archaeological culture of stone slate coffin tomb structure are more single-2. In terms of the types and quantity of funerary objects, Niu Tuozi culture and Penan culture have funerary objects in some slate coffin tombs, but the two cultures differ greatly in the types of funerary objects. Niufengzi cultural funeral products are characterized by shellfish products, and Penan cultural funeral articles by jade products. The stone slate coffin tomb of Malaysia phosphorus culture is characterized by no funerary objects. 3. From the point of view of burial style and burial system, those who can judge or infer the burial style in the slate coffin tombs of various archaeological cultures are buried with upright arms. In particular, in addition to monolithic burial, there is a complex body burial, which is a major feature of the culture, and the emergence of a late. 4. 4. From the perspective of burial custom, both Niu Tuozi and Penan cultural people with bone materials have the tradition of tooth extraction, and the pattern of tooth extraction is relatively uniform, with the removal of symmetrical left and right incisors and canine teeth CI2 / IC2 as the mainstream. 5. Judging from the "indoor burial" of stone slate coffin tombs, there is still room for discussion on whether or not to carry out indoor burial at the Penan site of Penan Culture. According to the published data, the evidence for indoor burial is still insufficient. However, the evidence of indoor burial of small slate coffins in the early stage of Qubing site of Phosphate Culture in Malaysia is quite strong, but not all small slate coffin tombs follow this burial principle. In the late stage of the site, no small slate coffin tomb was found in indoor burial. 6. 6. From the point of view of the relationship between cultures, the slate coffin tombs between archaeological cultures in Taiwan do not seem to have found direct evidence of cultural inheritance. If only the cultural characteristics of the slate coffins are taken into account, It seems that Malaysia's phosphorus culture and Sanhe culture are strongly influenced by Penan culture, and whether they are descendants of Penan cultural people remains to be explored. Compared with the similar relics in mainland China, the two sides of the strait seem to have their own systems and do not see the phenomenon of cultural inheritance. In addition, the grave directions of stone slate coffin tombs at the Penan site of Penan Culture are in the northeast to the southwest, showing a high degree of consistency; the heads of the owners of the tombs are also the mainstream towards the south; and the splicing of the coffin plates also shows the principle of giving priority to the "south", so, The author speculated that "southward" must play an important role in the culture of Penan culture.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K878.8

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