本文選題：古戲臺 + 神圣�。� 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：賀州地處桂、湘、粵邊境的三角地帶,夾于湘粵之間。先秦時(shí)期即有古道越萌渚嶺而達(dá)楚境,為瀟賀古道要塞之地,是廣西較早接受中原文化和楚文化的地區(qū)之一。在其鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)村落中,遍布著一座座明清時(shí)期遺留下來的古戲臺,不但數(shù)量眾多,而且建筑工藝十分精美。本文試圖結(jié)合美術(shù)學(xué)、人類學(xué)等學(xué)科方法,通過對賀州古戲臺細(xì)致的田野考察,了解賀州古戲臺的歷史淵源、空間分布、類型與構(gòu)造,以展現(xiàn)古戲臺的具體面貌及與之相對應(yīng)的民俗活動。文章主要目的則是側(cè)重分析研究賀州古戲臺的建筑特色以及文化功能,進(jìn)而凸顯古戲臺的文化特質(zhì)。從其建筑特色和文化功能來看,賀州古戲臺是一個(gè)酬神娛人的空間,具有神圣與世俗并存的文化特質(zhì)。 文章的第一部分主要結(jié)合賀州的民間信仰與歷史文化背景,敘述賀州古戲臺形成的主要原因。戲臺的出現(xiàn)與繁榮帶有濃厚的地域色彩,其中,是民眾的神靈信仰及祭祀賽會逐漸產(chǎn)生了戲臺。而賀州作為瀟賀古道的咽喉要塞,經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、漢族移民與湖廣商人為戲臺的發(fā)展提供了強(qiáng)有力的保證。 文章的第二部分,在田野實(shí)證調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上敘述了賀州古戲臺在賀州地區(qū)地理空間上的分布,并借鑒類型學(xué)的方法為古戲臺進(jìn)行了分類,進(jìn)而探討了古戲臺的整體建筑構(gòu)造。賀州古戲臺以明清時(shí)期建造的為多,主要集中在富川、鐘山兩地,在類型上可以分為廟宇戲臺、祠堂戲臺、萬年臺、會館戲臺等。主體建筑結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為屋脊、藻井、上下場門、扮相房等幾個(gè)部分。 文章的第三部分探討了賀州古戲臺的建筑特色。除了構(gòu)造外,賀州古戲臺的特點(diǎn)就體現(xiàn)在建筑特色上。文中指出,賀州古戲臺的建筑特色主要體現(xiàn)在建筑方位以坐南朝北為規(guī)則,裝飾雕刻中體現(xiàn)出神秘詭奇與直白平實(shí)共存的特點(diǎn)。 文章的第四部分,在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上,這一部分對賀州古戲臺的文化功能進(jìn)行總結(jié),本文以為,文化功能的普適性是戲臺重要的文化特質(zhì)之一,因此,戲臺背負(fù)著復(fù)雜的文化功能。從修建戲臺的目的來看,戲臺最基本的功能是敬神獻(xiàn)戲,向神靈祈福。隨著戲臺的普及與發(fā)展以及人們對戲臺的利用,戲臺還呈現(xiàn)出社會教化、娛樂交往、文化傳承等多重功能。 最后是結(jié)論。通過對上述內(nèi)容的探究,筆者以為,以戲臺為中心所構(gòu)成的空間,是一個(gè)宗教和民俗緊密相連的結(jié)構(gòu),呈現(xiàn)出宗教信仰和世俗生活融為一體的獨(dú)特文化景觀。其中的娛神又娛人的文化功能及神圣與世俗共存的文化特質(zhì)是賀州古戲臺建筑藝術(shù)特征形成的根本原因與直接動力。因而,賀州古戲臺是一個(gè)神圣與世俗相伴的文化空間。
[Abstract]:Hezhou is located in Gui, Hunan, Guangdong border triangle, between Hunan and Guangdong. In the pre-Qin period, there was an ancient road, which reached Chu territory. It was one of the places where Guangxi accepted the culture of the Central Plains and Chu earlier. In its villages and towns, there are many ancient operas left over from the Ming and Qing dynasties, not only in large numbers, but also in exquisite construction techniques. This paper attempts to understand the historical origin, spatial distribution, type and structure of the ancient stage of Hezhou through a careful field investigation of the ancient stage of Hezhou by combining the methods of fine arts, anthropology, and so on. In order to show the specific appearance of the ancient stage and the corresponding folklore activities. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and study the architectural characteristics and cultural functions of the ancient stage in Hezhou, and then to highlight the cultural characteristics of the ancient stage. According to its architectural features and cultural functions, the ancient stage of Hezhou is a space where God amuses people. The first part of the article mainly combines the folk belief and historical and cultural background of Hezhou, narrates the main reasons of the formation of the ancient stage in Hezhou. The appearance and prosperity of the stage has a strong regional color, among which, the people's belief in gods and sacrificial events gradually produced the stage. And Hezhou, as the throat fortress of Xiaohe ancient road, the development of economy, Han nationality immigrants and Huguang merchants provided strong guarantee for the development of the stage. The second part of the article, on the basis of field investigation, describes the geographical distribution of the ancient stage in Hezhou, and classifies the ancient stage by using the typology method, and then probes into the overall architectural structure of the ancient stage. The ancient stage of Hezhou was mainly built in the Ming and Qing dynasties, mainly concentrated in Fuchuan and Zhong Shan, and could be divided into temple stage, ancestral hall stage, ten thousand years stage, clubhouse stage and so on. The main structure of the building can be divided into several parts, such as roof, algae well, the next door, the dressing room and so on. The third part of the article discusses the architectural characteristics of the ancient stage in Hezhou. In addition to the structure, the characteristics of the ancient stage of Hezhou are embodied in the architectural characteristics. This paper points out that the architectural characteristics of the ancient stage in Hezhou are mainly reflected in the architectural orientation of the southern dynasty and north as the rule, and in the decorative carving, the mysterious strange and the plain coexistence are embodied in the decoration and carving. The fourth part of the article, on the basis of the above research, summarizes the cultural function of the ancient stage in Hezhou. The author thinks that the universality of the cultural function is one of the important cultural characteristics of the stage. The stage carries a complex cultural function. From the point of view of the purpose of constructing the stage, the most basic function of the stage is to offer the play to God and pray to the gods. With the popularization and development of the stage and people's use of the stage, the stage also presents many functions, such as social education, entertainment, cultural inheritance and so on. Finally is the conclusion. Through the exploration of the above contents, the author thinks that the space formed by the stage is a structure closely connected with religion and folklore, and presents a unique cultural landscape of religious belief and secular life. The cultural function of entertainment god and the coexistence of sacred and secular culture are the fundamental reason and direct motive force for the formation of the artistic characteristics of the ancient stage architecture in Hezhou. Therefore, the ancient stage of Hezhou is a sacred and secular cultural space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K879.1

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