本文選題：屯留余吾墓地 + C、N穩(wěn)定同位素　； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：自春秋以下,至戰(zhàn)國時(shí)代,我國開始進(jìn)入封建社會時(shí)期,封建經(jīng)濟(jì)的改革浪潮推動了農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,這一時(shí)期主要的農(nóng)作物是粟(稷)和麥,但是粟在先民的食物結(jié)構(gòu)中一直占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位。歷經(jīng)西漢,至東漢時(shí)期,小麥的種植才得到推廣和普及,C3類植物小麥漸漸的取代粟成為人們主要的糧食作物。本次試驗(yàn)所選擇的是位于山西東南部,隸屬于長治市的屯留余吾墓地。山西在我國歷史上一直占據(jù)比較重要的地位,關(guān)于古時(shí)山西農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展考古學(xué)者已經(jīng)做了大量的工作。然而,由于其復(fù)雜的地理環(huán)境特征,全境農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)出非常明顯的時(shí)間差異和空間差異,因此對于局部地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的特殊性的研究還不夠。本文通過分析屯留余吾地區(qū)先民的食物結(jié)構(gòu),希望可以為山西東南部地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的研究提供一些科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。上世紀(jì)80年代,我國學(xué)者開始在全國多處選擇考古遺址骨骼樣品進(jìn)行C穩(wěn)定同位素分析,由此對全國不同區(qū)域先民的食物結(jié)構(gòu)有了初步的了解,為之后的研究工作奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)也說明了C、N穩(wěn)定同位素分析法在獲取先民食譜以及研究農(nóng)業(yè)起源和傳播等問題上的重大意義。本文對屯留余吾墓地出土的人骨進(jìn)行了C、N穩(wěn)定同位素分析。屯留余吾墓地年代跨越較大,主要分為戰(zhàn)國至兩漢和明清兩個(gè)大的階段。這次實(shí)驗(yàn)的樣品,主要選自戰(zhàn)國至兩漢時(shí)期。其中戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期居民的δ13C值均值為-9.7‰士1.6‰(n=6),兩漢時(shí)期先民的δ13C值均值為-10.4‰±1.3%o(n=15),兩者的均值都比較接近于C4類植物δ13C值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平均值,說明這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的先民都是以C4植物—粟作為其主要的糧食作物,這兩個(gè)時(shí)期先民的食物結(jié)構(gòu)并沒有發(fā)生明顯的轉(zhuǎn)變。戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期居民δ15N值的變化范圍為7.9‰～9.5‰,兩漢時(shí)期先民的δ15N的變化范圍為5.3‰～11.4‰,暗示兩漢先民較戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期先民的肉食來源差異更大,而且從實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果不難發(fā)現(xiàn),兩漢時(shí)期先民的肉食攝入量較戰(zhàn)國先民普遍較高。總體來說,屯留余吾先民在獲取植物性食物資源方面并沒有十分明顯的變化,但人骨中的高蛋白含量暗示了先民對肉類資源的攝入逐漸增加,這在一定程度上反映了此時(shí)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)保持穩(wěn)步發(fā)展,家畜飼養(yǎng)也有了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。戰(zhàn)國至兩漢時(shí)期先民食譜在整體上是符合整個(gè)北方地區(qū)的發(fā)展趨勢的,但是,東漢時(shí)期先民食物結(jié)構(gòu)中C4類植物的比例均有些許的下降,這種現(xiàn)象應(yīng)與東漢時(shí)期小麥的普及推廣密切相關(guān),但小麥種植并未在這一地區(qū)得到廣泛地推廣,其存在的滯后性當(dāng)于晉東南地區(qū)特殊的地理環(huán)境、地形特征以及這一段歷史時(shí)期的社會狀況以及統(tǒng)治者所實(shí)行的政策、措施密切相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:From the following Spring and Autumn period to the warring States period, China began to enter the period of feudal society. The reform of feudal economy promoted the development of agricultural economy. In this period, the main crops were millet and wheat. But millet has always dominated the food structure of the ancestors. After the Western Han Dynasty, until the Eastern Han Dynasty, wheat planting was popularized and popularized. This experiment is located in the southeast of Shanxi, belonging to Changzhi City Tunliyu Cemetery. Shanxi has always occupied an important position in the history of our country. Archaeologists on the development of Shanxi agriculture in ancient times have done a lot of work. However, because of its complex geographical environment characteristics, the agricultural development of the whole territory presents a very obvious difference in time and space, so the research on the particularity of local agricultural development is not enough. By analyzing the food structure of the forefathers in Tunliu Yuwu area, this paper hopes to provide some scientific data for the study of agricultural development in the southeast of Shanxi Province. In the 1980s, Chinese scholars began to select bone samples from archaeological sites throughout the country for C stable isotope analysis, thus gaining a preliminary understanding of the food structure of the ancestors in different regions of the country. It lays a solid foundation for the later research work, and also explains the great significance of Con N stable isotope analysis in obtaining the recipes of the ancestors and studying the origin and spread of agriculture. In this paper, the Con N stable isotopic analysis of human bones unearthed from Tunliyu Cemetery has been carried out. Tuliu Yu Cemetery span a large age, mainly divided into the warring States to the Han Dynasty and the Ming and Qing dynasties two major stages. The sample of this experiment, mainly selected from the warring States to the Han Dynasty. In the warring States period, the average 未 13C value of the inhabitants was -9.7 鈥，

本文編號：2016344