本文選題：河北平原 + 明清古城��； 參考：《河北師范大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 城市是一個地區(qū)政治、經(jīng)濟和文化的中心,對整個社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展起著巨大的推動作用。隨著人類歷史的發(fā)展,城市的作用越來越被人們所重視,研究城市史的論著相繼問世。明清時期是中國古代城市發(fā)展的定型、轉(zhuǎn)型期,這一時期的城市在各方面展現(xiàn)出古代城市建設(shè)和規(guī)劃的多樣與成熟。古城也因為地形選址、功能需要、政治地位等的不同呈現(xiàn)出不同的類型和特征。 河北省平原地區(qū)自古以來就是城市形成和發(fā)展的優(yōu)越地帶。這一區(qū)域明清時代的古城,留有大量的歷史資料和一些古跡實例。河北省平原地區(qū)可分為山麓平原、沖積平原、濱海平原三個地理區(qū)域。古城分布遍及平原所有地域,密度由西部的山麓平原向東部的濱海平原遞減;該地區(qū)的古城一般都是明代修葺并形成定制。 古城的一般特征包括古城的興起與選址、古城的平面形制、古城城垣的構(gòu)筑和內(nèi)部設(shè)施以及古城的文教體系與信仰。城池的修筑以防御目的為根本,城內(nèi)設(shè)施完備,包括各級政府機構(gòu)、宗教建筑、教育建筑等。城內(nèi)街道以東西、南北十字大街為主要特征,街口建有標志性建筑。優(yōu)越的自然條件決定了古城的選址和平面形制;古城本身的防御特性加強了古城修筑的實用性;古城的規(guī)劃和附屬功能使其人性化特點得以展現(xiàn)。這些特征說明了古城與人和自然的關(guān)系,表現(xiàn)了人們?yōu)闈M足自身發(fā)展需要而進行的有益實踐。 古城的分類有以下幾個標準,根據(jù)政治和管理意義分為省會、府與直隸州、縣與散州;根據(jù)古城的職能分為經(jīng)濟之城和防御之城;根據(jù)城市平面形態(tài)分為規(guī)則矩形古城、不規(guī)則矩形古城、圓形古城(包括橢圓形);按照地理形勢分為山麓平原古城、沖積平原古城和濱海平原古城;按交通線分為官道古城和運河古城。這些標準使看似孤立的古城有了聯(lián)系紐帶,展現(xiàn)了古城的一般共性和城市存在形態(tài)的多樣性。
[Abstract]:City is a regional political, economic and cultural center, which plays a huge role in promoting the development of the whole social economy. With the development of human history, people pay more and more attention to the role of cities. The Ming and Qing dynasties were the stereotype of the development of ancient Chinese cities. During the period of transformation, the cities of this period showed the diversity and maturity of the ancient urban construction and planning in various aspects. The ancient city also shows different types and characteristics because of the location, function and political status. The plain area of Hebei Province has been the superior area of urban formation and development since ancient times. The ancient city of Ming and Qing dynasties in this area left a great deal of historical data and some examples of historic sites. Hebei plain area can be divided into foothills plain, alluvial plain, coastal plain three geographical areas. The ancient cities are distributed all over the plain and the density decreases from the foothills of the western plain to the coastal plain in the east, and the ancient cities in this area are generally repaired and customized in the Ming Dynasty. The general features of the ancient city include the rise and location of the ancient city, the plane structure of the ancient city, the construction and internal facilities of the ancient city wall, and the cultural and educational system and belief of the ancient city. The construction of the city is based on defense purposes, and its facilities are complete, including government institutions at all levels, religious buildings, educational buildings, and so on. City streets to East-West, North-South Cross Street for the main features, street has a landmark building. The superior natural conditions determine the site selection and plane form of the ancient city; the defensive characteristics of the ancient city itself strengthen the practicability of the construction of the ancient city; the planning and subsidiary functions of the ancient city make its humanized characteristics to be displayed. These characteristics illustrate the relationship between man and nature in the ancient city, and show the beneficial practice that people carry out to meet the needs of their own development. There are the following criteria for the classification of ancient cities, which are divided into provincial capitals according to their political and administrative significance, prefectures and counties and Sanzhou, economic cities and defensive cities according to their functions, and regular rectangular ancient cities according to the shape of the city's plane. Irregular rectangular ancient city, round ancient city (including elliptical city; according to the geographical situation divided into Piedmont plain ancient city, alluvial plain ancient city and coastal plain ancient city; according to the traffic line divided into the Guandao ancient city and canal ancient city. These standards have linked the seemingly isolated ancient cities, showing the general commonalities of the ancient cities and the diversity of the urban existence forms.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K878.8
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本文編號：1964222