本文選題：青蓮寺 + 泥塑土��； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：青蓮寺位于山西省晉城市,保存有唐末宋初至明清泥塑六十余尊。這些泥塑具有極高價(jià)值。針對(duì)青蓮寺泥塑土性能的研究,能夠加深對(duì)古代泥塑土用料與工藝的認(rèn)識(shí),為泥塑文物保護(hù)修復(fù)提供參考。泥塑土的成分分析結(jié)果顯示：粗泥層添加麥稈、細(xì)泥層添加棉花,粗泥層纖維質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)大于細(xì)泥層。微觀形貌上,麥稈多為直徑較粗帶有條紋的薄片,棉纖維為直徑較細(xì)的卷曲帶狀。泥塑土料分為黃色土與紅色土。紅色土相比黃色土,粗粒徑顆粒與石英含量高,方解石、高嶺石、綠泥石含量低。利用化學(xué)元素含量Al/Ca比與Fe/Ca比也能區(qū)分兩種土料。以紅色土塑造泥塑,一般進(jìn)行過篩處理,其細(xì)泥層摻入一定砂粒。以黃色土塑造泥塑,一般摻砂,粗泥層摻入量大于細(xì)泥層。細(xì)泥層顯微結(jié)構(gòu)為片狀密集膠結(jié),粗泥層為片—粒狀鑲嵌膠結(jié),這一差異與捶打壓光的工藝有關(guān)。泥塑土可溶鹽中SO42-與Ca2+量較自然土高,應(yīng)與當(dāng)?shù)厮|(zhì)高硬度高硫酸鹽有關(guān),這對(duì)其性能與保存應(yīng)具有積極意義。泥塑土性能模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示：隨粗粒徑顆粒含量增高,紅色土強(qiáng)度與收縮性改善,塑性減弱；黃色土收縮性減弱。隨著黏土礦物中高嶺石比例增高,紅色土塑性減弱,強(qiáng)度先增強(qiáng)后減弱。摻入可溶鹽后,紅色土塑性增強(qiáng)。摻雜纖維對(duì)泥塑土的收縮性均有改善,且棉花的改善效應(yīng)略優(yōu)于麥稈。紅色土塑性與強(qiáng)度均優(yōu)于黃色土,黃色土收縮性優(yōu)于紅色土。紅色土與黃色土性能的差異性應(yīng)由粗粒徑顆粒含量與黏土礦物中高嶺石比例共同決定。青蓮寺泥塑土用料包括土料、凈砂、纖維與帶有微量可溶鹽的水,其工藝包括過篩、摻砂、摻雜纖維與捶打壓光。通過文獻(xiàn)研究與青蓮寺泥塑土研究,古代泥塑土層位應(yīng)為“抓糙—襯泥—中泥—細(xì)泥”,不同層位泥塑土性能要求、用料與工藝均不同。
[Abstract]:Qinglian Temple is located in Jincheng, Shanxi Province, preserving more than 60 clay statues from late Tang to early Song and Ming and Qing dynasties. These clay sculptures are of great value. The study on the properties of clay sculpture soil in Qinglian Temple can deepen the understanding of the materials and techniques used in ancient clay sculpture soil and provide a reference for the preservation and restoration of clay sculpture relics. The results of composition analysis of clay show that the fiber content of coarse mud layer is higher than that of fine mud layer when wheat straw is added to coarse mud layer and cotton is added to fine mud layer. In the microscopic morphology, the wheat stalk is mostly thin with stripes in diameter, and the cotton fiber is curled with fine diameter. Clay is divided into yellow soil and red soil. Compared with yellow soil, red soil has higher content of coarse particle and quartz, lower content of calcite, kaolinite and chlorite. The Al/Ca ratio and Fe/Ca ratio of chemical element content can also be used to distinguish two kinds of soil materials. Mold clay sculpture with red soil, generally sieve treatment, its fine clay layer mixed with certain sand. The clay sculpture is molded in yellow soil, generally mixed with sand, and the mixing amount of coarse mud layer is larger than that of fine mud layer. The microstructure of the fine clay layer is lamellar dense cemented and the coarse mud layer is lamellar-granular mosaic cemented. This difference is related to the process of beating and pressing. The content of so _ 4 _ 2- and Ca2 in clay is higher than that in natural soil, and it should be related to the high hardness and high sulfate of local water quality, which should be of positive significance to its performance and preservation. The experimental results show that the strength and shrinkage of red soil and yellow soil decrease with the increase of coarse particle content. With the increase of kaolinite ratio in clay minerals, the plasticity of red soil decreases, and the strength increases first and then weakens. The plasticity of red soil was enhanced with the addition of soluble salt. The shrinkage of mud-plastic soil was improved by doped fiber, and the improvement effect of cotton was slightly better than that of wheat straw. The plasticity and strength of red soil are better than yellow soil, and the shrinkage of yellow soil is better than that of red soil. The difference between red soil and yellow soil is determined by the content of coarse particle size and the ratio of kaolinite in clay minerals. Qingliansi clay soil material includes soil material, clean sand, fiber and water with trace soluble salt. The process includes sifting, mixing sand, doped fiber and hammering calendering. According to the literature study and the study of clay sculpture soil in Qingliansi, the ancient clay sculpture soil layer should be "grabbing roughness, lining mud, medium mud and fine mud", and the performance requirements, materials and technology of different layers of clay sculpture soil should be different.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：K879.3

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