本文選題：早期秦 + 物質(zhì)文化　； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 近年,隨著早期秦文化考古工作的開展,尤其是墓葬和窖藏青銅器的發(fā)現(xiàn),給我們提供了重新審視早期秦文化的實(shí)物資料,特別是早期秦的物質(zhì)文化。早期秦青銅業(yè)的手藝精湛,制作優(yōu)良,得到學(xué)者們的不斷認(rèn)可,但是對其發(fā)展水平仍評價不一,而且將早期秦青銅業(yè)與處以同一時期其他諸侯國的青銅業(yè)相比研究的較少,基于此,著重橫向?qū)Ρ妊芯苛嗽缙谇赝渌T侯國的青銅業(yè),縱向?qū)Ρ妊芯苛嗽缙谇刈陨砬嚆~業(yè)的發(fā)展,同時略論早期秦的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其原因,以及在物質(zhì)文化基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的精神文化的表現(xiàn)和特點(diǎn)。 早期秦的青銅器與其他諸侯國的橫向?qū)Ρ妊芯恐?以體型大小、紋飾修飾、造型三方面為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。通過對比研究發(fā)現(xiàn),早期秦的青銅器毫不遜色,青銅業(yè)水平至少不落后于芮、黃這些邊緣諸侯國,但與晉等大國相比還是有差距的,分析原因?yàn)榍厥紘�、范圍小、�?zhàn)事多和青銅用于禮器的比例較小。好在禮縣有悠久的青銅業(yè)鑄造史,襄公建國后所處的大時代又有利的推動了早期秦青銅業(yè)的發(fā)展,于是成就了早期秦較為發(fā)達(dá)的青銅業(yè),同時反映出當(dāng)時的手工業(yè)發(fā)展情況�？脊虐l(fā)掘了大量黃金飾片,證實(shí)了早期秦黃金業(yè)的發(fā)展水平,從另一個側(cè)面也反映了當(dāng)時的手工業(yè)發(fā)展情況。 而手工業(yè)的發(fā)展又依賴于基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。文獻(xiàn)中關(guān)于早期秦的農(nóng)業(yè)情況記載較少,于是造成了長久以來對早期秦農(nóng)業(yè)認(rèn)識的不夠。但是如今發(fā)掘出的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工具從正面反映了當(dāng)時的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,文獻(xiàn)記載的戰(zhàn)爭、禮樂、畜牧、出土的樂器、發(fā)掘的建筑遺址、家畜骨骼和釀酒等又從側(cè)面反映了當(dāng)時農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,直接和間接的材料表明早期秦?fù)碛谐渥愕膭趧恿�、先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)工具,可見當(dāng)時的農(nóng)業(yè)相當(dāng)豐實(shí)。因有利的自然環(huán)境和悠久的畜牧傳統(tǒng),畜牧業(yè)成為早期秦的優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè),表現(xiàn)突出。 當(dāng)然早期秦的物質(zhì)文化發(fā)展與早期秦文化的滋養(yǎng)是分不開的,而早期秦文化則是在東方文化的基礎(chǔ)上吸收周、西戎文化的有利因子,充分發(fā)展文化自身的自我保護(hù)和自我完善的功能,形成了兼容性很廣但又獨(dú)具特色的新的地域性中原文化。在早期秦物質(zhì)文化發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上,早期秦文化得到進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展,表現(xiàn)為早期秦的精神文化。早期秦的持之以恒、對外來文化的包容吸納且不保守的精神,在早期秦的墓葬文化、宗廟祭祀文化中都有很好的體現(xiàn)。早期秦的物質(zhì)文化為早期秦的精神文化的發(fā)展提供了保障,而早期秦的精神文化又為早期秦的物質(zhì)文化的發(fā)展起了推動作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the archaeological work of early Qin culture, especially the discovery of tombs and cellar bronzes, it provides us with the material materials to re-examine the early Qin culture, especially the material culture of the early Qin Dynasty. The early Qin Qing copper industry had excellent workmanship and excellent production, which was continuously recognized by scholars, but its development level was still evaluated differently, and the early Qin Qing copper industry was studied less than the bronze industry of other imperial states in the same period. Based on this, this paper studies the bronze industry of the early Qin Dynasty and other imperial states, and studies the development of the bronze industry in the early Qin Dynasty. At the same time, it briefly discusses the development situation and reasons of the agriculture and animal husbandry of the early Qin Dynasty's basic industry. And the expression and characteristics of spiritual culture developed on the basis of material culture. In the comparative study of bronze ware in early Qin Dynasty and other kingdoms, three aspects of shape size, decoration and shape were taken as the standard. Through the comparative study, it is found that the early Qin bronze ware is no inferior, the level of the green copper industry is at least not lagging behind Rui, Huang, these marginal countries, but there is still a gap with the Jin and other big countries. The reason for the analysis is that the Qin Dynasty was late and the scope was small. Much of the war and bronze are used in small proportions. Fortunately, Li County has a long history of bronze casting, and the great era Xianggong was in after the founding of the people's Republic of China promoted the development of the early Qin Qing bronze industry, and thus achieved the relatively developed bronze industry in the early Qin Dynasty, which reflected the development of handicraft industry at that time. Archaeological excavations of a large number of gold ornaments confirmed the development of the early Qin gold industry from the other side also reflected the development of handicraft industry at that time. The development of handicraft industry depends on the development of basic industry. There are few records about early Qin agriculture in the literature, which has resulted in a long time insufficient understanding of early Qin agriculture. But the tools of agricultural production that have been discovered today reflect positively the development of agriculture at that time, the documented wars, rites and music, animal husbandry, musical instruments unearthed, and excavated architectural sites. The bones of domestic animals and wine making reflected the development of agriculture at that time. Direct and indirect materials showed that the early Qin had sufficient labor force, advanced technology and production tools, so the agriculture at that time was quite abundant. Because of its favorable natural environment and long herding tradition, animal husbandry became the dominant industry in the early Qin Dynasty. Of course, the material and cultural development of the early Qin Dynasty is inseparable from the nourishment of the early Qin culture, while the early Qin culture is the beneficial factor for absorbing the Zhou and Xi Rong culture on the basis of the oriental culture. Fully developing the function of self-protection and self-perfection of culture has formed a new regional culture of Central Plains with wide compatibility but unique characteristics. On the basis of the development of material culture in the early Qin Dynasty, the culture of the early Qin Dynasty was further developed and manifested as the spiritual culture of the early Qin Dynasty. The persistence of the early Qin Dynasty, the acceptance of foreign culture and the unconservative spirit are well reflected in the early Qin tombs culture and the temple sacrificial culture. The material culture of the early Qin Dynasty provided the guarantee for the development of the spiritual culture of the early Qin Dynasty, and the spiritual culture of the early Qin Dynasty played a role in promoting the development of the material culture of the early Qin Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K871

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 陳探戈;春秋戰(zhàn)國時期的秦戎關(guān)系研究[D];西北大學(xué);2011年

2 賈璐;周秦青銅紋飾數(shù)字化研究與傳播[D];陜西科技大學(xué);2012年

3 王冰;東周時期秦國青銅器紋飾研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1925215