本文選題：清至民國 + 敦煌　； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目前學(xué)術(shù)界水利研究從注重歷史時期國家大型水利工程建設(shè)研究轉(zhuǎn)向區(qū)域水利社會史研究，產(chǎn)出諸多成果。其中，，對甘肅的研究主要在蘭州、河湟地區(qū)、河西走廊等整個較大區(qū)域內(nèi)，對敦煌地區(qū)水利建設(shè)的研究略有涉及，其研究的時段也多為漢、唐、宋時期。清至民國是敦煌地區(qū)水利建設(shè)由傳統(tǒng)向近代意義上水利建設(shè)的過渡時期，學(xué)術(shù)界對此研究尚處空缺，選擇敦煌區(qū)域和水利建設(shè)的角度，以期復(fù)原清至民國時期西北地區(qū)基層水利社會情況。 本文運用清至民國的方志、奏折、檔案、游記等歷史文獻資料，復(fù)原了清前期敦煌十渠的興修過程，清中后期敦煌水渠的分布及地下水的開采情況，民國年間在甘肅水利林牧公司組織下敦煌水利建設(shè)先進技術(shù)運用的情況，解決了清至民國時期敦煌水利管理運行過程的問題，并得出以下認識： 1、清至民國敦煌水利設(shè)施的興修是其水利建設(shè)的重要階段。清代敦煌水利設(shè)施興修主要是對前代的繼承，渠道基本還是土渠，井灌停留在基本開發(fā)狀態(tài)。然而，民國敦煌水利建設(shè)是從傳統(tǒng)向近代過渡的重要階段，在水利勘察、地下水開發(fā)和水利工程本身都開始運用科學(xué)技術(shù)，出現(xiàn)了近代化的影子。 2、清至民國敦煌水利管理運行方式也從傳統(tǒng)向近代過渡。清初敦煌水利管理主要依附在隅坊制度之下，隨著水利對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)重要性的提高，逐漸和山陜地區(qū)一樣形成灌渠利益共同體。但與山陜不同，敦煌除了各渠灌溉的實際管理者渠長，負責(zé)具體渠系工作的排水，還有總理十渠的渠正，并形成通裕、普利、大有、慶余、上下永豐、窯溝、莊浪、新舊伏羌渠十個灌渠利益共同體，以這種管理模式協(xié)調(diào)各灌渠間的運轉(zhuǎn)。到了民國出現(xiàn)了官商合辦的管理模式，其實質(zhì)體現(xiàn)了政府職能，代表政府利益，此種模式運行尚需更多文獻驗證。 3、清至民國的敦煌水利興衰離不開政權(quán)的穩(wěn)定和政府的投資。與歷史時期敦煌水利設(shè)施興修的背景相似，一旦本地政權(quán)進入穩(wěn)定時期，敦煌總會伴隨著大規(guī)模開發(fā)，水利設(shè)施興修也會在此時出現(xiàn)一定程度的轉(zhuǎn)機與發(fā)展。然而，隨著政權(quán)統(tǒng)治的薄弱和種種天災(zāi)人禍的頻繁發(fā)生，敦煌的穩(wěn)定社會被打亂，作為社會發(fā)展重要指標(biāo)之一的水利設(shè)施興修也必然受到影響。 此外，敦煌水利建設(shè)與本地環(huán)境承載能力存在一定的關(guān)系，文章對清至民國敦煌水利設(shè)施興修與管理運行的復(fù)原，為進一步研究敦煌土地開發(fā)和環(huán)境變遷做鋪墊。
[Abstract]:At present, the research on water conservancy in academic circles has changed from focusing on the construction of large water conservancy projects in the historical period to studying the social history of regional water conservancy, and has produced many achievements. Among them, the study of Gansu is mainly in Lanzhou, Hehuang area, Hexi Corridor and other large areas. The study on water conservancy construction in Dunhuang area involves a little, and the period of study is mostly Han, Tang and Song dynasties. The period from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China was the transition period of water conservancy construction in Dunhuang from the traditional to the modern sense. The academic circles still lack the research on this, and chose the angle of Dunhuang area and water conservancy construction. In order to restore the Qing Dynasty to the period of the Northwest Northwest water conservancy social situation. Based on the historical documents of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the paper restores the process of the construction of the Ten Canal in Dunhuang in the early Qing Dynasty, the distribution of the canal and the exploitation of groundwater in the middle and late period of the Qing Dynasty. During the period of the Republic of China, the application of advanced technology of water conservancy construction in Dunhuang was organized by Gansu Water Conservancy Forest and Animal Husbandry Company, which solved the problems in the operation process of water conservancy management in Dunhuang during the period from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. 1. The construction of Dunhuang water conservancy facilities from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China was an important stage of water conservancy construction. In the Qing Dynasty, the construction of Dunhuang water conservancy facilities was mainly inherited from the previous generation, the canal was basically the earth canal, and the well irrigation remained in the basic development state. However, the construction of Dunhuang water conservancy in the Republic of China is an important stage of transition from tradition to modern times. In water conservancy exploration, groundwater exploitation and water conservancy engineering itself, science and technology have been applied, and the shadow of modernization has appeared. 2. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the operation mode of water conservancy management in Dunhuang also changed from tradition to modern times. In the early Qing Dynasty, Dunhuang water conservancy management mainly depended on the Yufang system. With the improvement of the importance of water conservancy to agricultural production, it gradually formed the community of irrigation and canal interests as the Shanshan area. But unlike Shanshan, Dunhuang, in addition to the actual canal length of each canal irrigation manager, was responsible for the drainage of the specific canal system, as well as the canals of the Premier's ten canals, and formed Tongyu, Priy, Yaoyou, Qingyu, Shang Yongfeng, Yaogou, and Zhuanglang. New and old Fu Qiang canal ten irrigation benefit community, with this kind of management pattern coordinates each irrigation canal between the movement. In the Republic of China, a joint management mode of government and business has emerged, which embodies the functions of the government and represents the interests of the government, and the operation of this mode still needs more literature verification. 3. The rise and fall of Dunhuang water conservancy from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China could not be separated from the stability of political power and government investment. Similar to the historical background of Dunhuang water conservancy facilities construction, once the local regime entered a stable period, Dunhuang always accompanied by large-scale development, water conservancy facilities will also have a certain degree of opportunity and development at this time. However, with the weak governance of the regime and frequent occurrence of natural and man-made disasters, the stable society in Dunhuang was disrupted, and the construction of water conservancy facilities, one of the important indicators of social development, was inevitably affected. In addition, there is a certain relationship between the construction of Dunhuang water conservancy and the carrying capacity of the local environment. This paper provides a basis for further study on the land development and environmental change of Dunhuang, as well as the restoration of the construction and management of water conservancy facilities in Dunhuang from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：F426.91;K870.6

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