本文選題：許家窯遺址 + 火山活動��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：古人類起源和演化歷史一直是國際古人類學(xué)和第四紀地質(zhì)學(xué)重要的研究內(nèi)容之一。作為我國具有典型性和代表性的第四紀古人類文化遺址,許家窯遺址自發(fā)現(xiàn)以來,有關(guān)遺址文化層即古人類化石所在層位的年代,許多考古學(xué)家和地質(zhì)地貌學(xué)家開展了大量的測年研究。由于遺址文化層厚度大、地層結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,不同學(xué)者采用的研究方法、測年手段以及對取樣層位的特征判斷存在差異,因而關(guān)于其年代的結(jié)論從不到二萬年到四五十萬年,分歧很大。本文在梳理前人研究工作的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)現(xiàn)許家窯遺址所處的大同盆地在山陜地塹系構(gòu)造運動的影響下,火山活動頻繁,形成了由31個火山錐組成的大同火山群,為火山活動提供物質(zhì)來源的為同一個地下巖漿房,地表的所有火山在噴發(fā)時間和強度上具有一定的同步性,并綜合表現(xiàn)出區(qū)域火山活動的活躍期和平靜期。每個活躍期內(nèi)火山活動會帶來大量的火山物質(zhì),顆粒細小的火山灰物質(zhì)在區(qū)域黃土-古土壤層和湖相層都有相應(yīng)的沉積記錄。許家窯遺址處在我國大同火山活動的影響范圍內(nèi),必然存在與區(qū)域火山活躍期對應(yīng)的沉積記錄,顆粒較粗的火山物質(zhì)可沉積形成為肉眼可見的火山碎屑層,而夾雜在沉積層中顆粒細小的火山灰物質(zhì)須通過實驗手段來顯示。本文在遺址范圍內(nèi)選取了兩個相距1km左右的完整湖相沉積層剖面進行采樣,并對樣品進行了沉積系列參數(shù)的測定和部分樣品的古地磁測試。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)剖面1的磁化率曲線呈現(xiàn)四個顯著正異常的峰值,對應(yīng)于磁化率峰值層位處Fe、Ti含量也很高,剖面2的磁化率曲線僅呈現(xiàn)一個顯著正異常的峰值,在該層位處Rb/Sr曲線存在兩個相對的低谷。顯示剖面1的四個磁化率峰值對應(yīng)區(qū)域火山活動的四個活躍期,剖面2的磁化率峰值對應(yīng)區(qū)域火山活動的一個活躍期。剖面1第一個磁化率峰值和剖面2磁化率峰值的數(shù)值關(guān)系和曲線形狀相似,對應(yīng)區(qū)域火山活動的同一個活躍期。基于區(qū)域火山活動活躍期年代的調(diào)查研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)第四紀區(qū)域沉積記錄反映大同火山活動有五個活躍期,其形成年代大約分別為早于0.90MaB.P.(第一活躍期)、0.51MaB.P.(第二活躍期)、0.32MaB.P.(第三活躍期)、0.19MaB.P.(第四活躍期)和0.09MaB.P.(第五活躍期)。由此,從區(qū)域火山活動階段性歷史的角度,建立了區(qū)域火山活動的年代標尺。遺址剖面1的古地磁測試其年代未超過0.73Ma,因而剖面1四個磁化率峰值對應(yīng)了區(qū)域火山活動的后四個活躍期,剖面1第一個磁化率峰值和剖面2磁化率峰值均對應(yīng)區(qū)域火山活動的第五活躍期。遺址剖面2除了記錄火山活動的第五活躍期外,直至剖面底部未發(fā)現(xiàn)更早的第四活躍期沉積記錄,遺址文化層年代在第五活躍期至第四活躍期之間,即遺址文化層年代被框定在距今0.09Ma至0.19Ma之間。
[Abstract]:The origin and evolution history of paleoanthropology has been one of the important contents of international paleoanthropology and Quaternary geology. As a typical and representative Quaternary ancient human cultural site, Xujiayao site has been discovered since its discovery. Many archaeologists and geomorphologists have carried out a lot of dating studies. Due to the large thickness of the cultural layer and the complicated stratigraphic structure of the site, there are differences in the research methods, dating methods and the characteristics of the sampling horizon adopted by different scholars. Therefore, the conclusion on the age of the site ranges from less than 20,000 years to 4.5 million years. The difference is wide. On the basis of previous research work, this paper finds that the Datong basin, which is located at Xujiayao site, is under the influence of the tectonic movement of the Shanshan graben system, and the volcanic activity is frequent, forming the Datong volcanic group, which is composed of 31 volcanic cones. The same underground magma chamber is the source of material for volcanic activity. All the volcanoes on the surface have a certain synchronism in eruption time and intensity, and show the active period and quiet period of regional volcanic activity synthetically. During each active period volcanic activity brings a great deal of volcanic material and the fine particles of volcanic ash are recorded in the regional loess paleosol layer and lacustrine facies. Xujiayao site is located within the influence of Datong volcanic activity in China, and there must be sedimentary records corresponding to the regional volcanic active period. The coarse volcanic material can be deposited into a visible volcanic clastic layer. The pozzolanic material mixed with fine particles in the sediment must be shown experimentally. In this paper, two intact lacustrine sedimentary sections about 1km are selected for sampling, and the parameters of sedimentary series and paleomagnetic test of some samples are measured. The results show that the magnetic susceptibility curve of section 1 shows four peaks of significant positive anomalies, corresponding to the high content of Feti at the peak layer of magnetic susceptibility, and the susceptibility curve of section 2 shows only one peak value of significant positive anomalies. There are two relative lows in the Rb/Sr curve at this layer. It is shown that the four peaks of magnetic susceptibility of section 1 correspond to four active periods of regional volcanic activity, and the peak of magnetic susceptibility of section 2 corresponds to an active period of regional volcanic activity. The numerical relationship between the first susceptibility peak of section 1 and the peak value of magnetic susceptibility in section 2 is similar to the shape of the curve, which corresponds to the same active period of regional volcanic activity. Based on the investigation and study of the active periods of regional volcanic activity, it is found that the Quaternary regional sedimentary records show that there are five active periods in Datong volcanic activity, which are formed earlier than 0.90 MaB.Prespectively. (the first active period: 0.51MaB.P. (the second active period is 0.32 MaB.P. (the third active period is 0.19 MaB.P. (fourth active period) and 0.09 MaB.P. The fifth active period. Therefore, the chronological scale of regional volcanic activity is established from the point of view of regional volcanic activity stage history. The paleomagnetism of site section 1 is less than 0.73 Ma, so the 14 peaks of magnetic susceptibility of section 1 correspond to the last four active periods of regional volcanic activity. The first susceptibility peak in section 1 and the magnetic susceptibility peak in section 2 correspond to the fifth active period of regional volcanic activity. Site section 2 except for the fifth active period of volcanic activity, until no earlier sedimentary records of the fourth active period were found at the bottom of the section, the age of the site cultural layer was between the fifth active period and the fourth active period. In other words, the time of the cultural layer of the site was framed between 0.09Ma and 0.19Ma.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K878;P317

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