本文選題：新疆 + 青銅時代　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：新疆歷來是文化交流的重要通道和多元文化匯集的舞臺�？脊刨Y料顯示,從很早起,東西方就存在著文化互動。本文選擇新疆地區(qū)近幾十年考古發(fā)掘所見青銅時代至早期鐵器時代的耳飾作為研究對象,試對其進(jìn)行考古學(xué)研究。 全文共分為六章。第一章為緒論,一方面介紹了新疆的自然地理條件以及以往考古工作；另一方面對學(xué)術(shù)史進(jìn)行回顧,較全面的總結(jié)了新疆青銅時代至早期鐵器時代劃分與考古學(xué)文化的研究狀況,以及耳飾的發(fā)現(xiàn)史和研究史。第二章筆者將新疆分為7個小區(qū),分別介紹耳飾的發(fā)現(xiàn)情況及其年代,并根據(jù)年代分為三期,即第一期為公元前19至公元前13世紀(jì),第二期為公元前13至公元前5世紀(jì),第三期為公元前5至公元前1世紀(jì)。第三章為耳飾類型簡述。就發(fā)掘所見可統(tǒng)計的122件耳飾分為銅質(zhì)、金質(zhì)、銀質(zhì)和鐵質(zhì)四種進(jìn)行類型分析,將其大體可以分為單環(huán)型、雙環(huán)型及耳墜型三型,并結(jié)合分區(qū)與分期情況認(rèn)為：第一期皆為單環(huán)形,發(fā)現(xiàn)較少；第二期耳飾樣式豐富,三型耳飾皆已出現(xiàn)；第三期單環(huán)型基本不見,耳墜型耳飾以附加復(fù)合墜飾為多,樣式趨于復(fù)雜。就材質(zhì)而言,第一期以銅質(zhì)為主,第二期開始金質(zhì)比例開始增加,至第三期金質(zhì)已經(jīng)超越銅質(zhì),而黃金也成為了制作耳飾最主要的材質(zhì)。同時也就型式與地域的關(guān)系略作了說明。第四章考察了耳飾的佩戴習(xí)慣及其與隨葬品的組合關(guān)系。筆者認(rèn)為,就整體來看,耳飾多由女性佩戴,或單耳或雙耳,雙耳佩戴者通長為年齡較大的中老年女性；男性佩戴耳飾者多是隨葬品較豐的富有者,普遍的情況是由左耳佩戴單只,那些隨葬品特別豐富的男性墓主則會雙耳各飾1只或左耳1只、右耳2只；而察吾乎文化雖墓葬流行多人二次葬,情況不明,但可以肯定的是,此文化流行單耳佩戴,且多人葬的家族葬中,通常只有一人佩戴。第五章為新疆青銅至早期鐵器時代耳飾所見的早期文化交流,其主要體現(xiàn)在來自安德羅諾沃文化的喇叭口形耳飾東傳至塔什庫爾干地區(qū)、河西走廊地區(qū)及中國北方地區(qū),以及來自四壩文化的扁桃環(huán)形耳飾西傳至新疆東部地區(qū),并且從耳飾的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以證明在整個歐亞草原諸青銅文化已存在著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系,而新疆地區(qū)正是文化交流的中繼站。第六章為結(jié)語。 耳飾雖為裝飾品中很小的一個種類,卻承載著很多歷史文化信息,值得重視。本文以新疆青銅時代至早期鐵器時代的耳飾為題,兼論東西方文化交流,拋磚引玉,不足之處還望方家指正。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang has always been an important channel for cultural exchange and a multi-cultural gathering stage. Archaeological materials show that from early on, there has been cultural interaction between East and West. In this paper, the earrings from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age, which were found in the archaeological excavations in Xinjiang in recent decades, were selected as the research objects. The full text is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. On the one hand, it introduces the natural geographical conditions and archaeological work in Xinjiang; on the other hand, it reviews the academic history. The research status of the classification and archaeological culture from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age in Xinjiang, as well as the discovery and research history of earrings are summarized. In the second chapter, the author divides Xinjiang into seven small areas, and introduces the discovery and age of earrings, and divides them into three periods according to the age, namely, the first period is the 19th century BC to the 13th century BC, the second period is the 13th century BC to the fifth century BC. The third period was from the fifth century BC to the first century BC. The third chapter is a brief description of the types of earrings. The 122 earrings that can be found are classified into four types: copper, gold, silver and iron. They can be classified into three types: single ring type, double ring type and ear pendant type. Combined with the zoning and staging situation, it is considered that the first stage is single ring, less found; the second stage is rich in style, three types of ear ornaments have appeared; the third phase of single ring type is basically invisible, the earring type of earrings are mostly added compound pendant ornaments. The style tends to be complex. In terms of material quality, the first phase is mainly copper, the second phase begins to increase the proportion of gold quality, the third phase of gold has surpassed copper, and gold has become the most important material for making earrings. At the same time, the relationship between the type and the region is also explained. The fourth chapter examines the wearing habits of earrings and their relationship with burial objects. The author believes that, on the whole, earrings are worn mostly by women, or by one or both ears, and the wearer of both ears is older and older women, while the men who wear ear ornaments are mostly wealthy with more funerary objects. Generally speaking, a single left ear is worn by the left ear, and the male grave owners, who are particularly rich in funeral articles, will wear one ear each or one ear on the left and two ears on the right ear. However, although the cultural tombs are popular in many people for two times, the situation is unknown, but what is certain is that, This culture is popular for single-ear burials, and usually only one person wears them in multiple family burials. The fifth chapter is the early cultural exchange seen in the earrings of the Bronze to early Iron Age in Xinjiang, which is mainly reflected in the transmission of bell-shaped earrings from the Andernovo culture to the Tashkurgan region, the Hexi Corridor region and the northern part of China. And the almond ring earrings from Siba culture spread westward to the eastern region of Xinjiang, and the discovery of earrings can prove that the bronze culture of the whole Eurasian steppe has been inextricably linked, and Xinjiang region is the relay station of cultural exchange. The sixth chapter is the conclusion. Although ear ornaments are a small type of ornaments, they carry a lot of historical and cultural information and are worthy of attention. This paper focuses on the earrings from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age in Xinjiang, and discusses the cultural exchanges between the East and the West.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K875.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：1909654