本文選題：江淮東部 + 新石器遺址�。� 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：全新世以來環(huán)境演變與人類的生存和發(fā)展息息相關(guān),探討其相互規(guī)律和機制,不論對現(xiàn)在還是未來協(xié)調(diào)人地關(guān)系有重大的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。其中全新世以來史前時期是全新世環(huán)境變化研究的基礎(chǔ)和難點。 本文利用AMS14C測年技術(shù)和相對定年方法,在建立可靠的沉積年代序列基礎(chǔ)上,對采自建湖岡西剖面深度為5米以內(nèi)49個樣品進行孢粉分析,并結(jié)合前人的研究結(jié)果綜合對比,重建全新世以來江淮東部地區(qū)的古環(huán)境演變及海岸線變遷特征。與此同時,本文還通過對研究區(qū)古遺址時空分布的統(tǒng)計分析,獲取了新石器以來古文化興衰變遷的完整信息。探討古文化發(fā)展與環(huán)境演變的關(guān)系,分析江淮東部地區(qū)新石器時期考古遺址時空分布規(guī)律,從地理學(xué)、考古學(xué)、歷史學(xué)等綜合角度重點探討新石器以來人類文明的孕育發(fā)展與三角洲演變、砂堤形成及海岸線變遷之間的關(guān)系。自然環(huán)境的演變過程,對當(dāng)?shù)匦率鞴糯让竦奈幕顒佑兄陵P(guān)重要的作用。 許多學(xué)者曾在江淮東部地區(qū)展開地層剖面研究,取得豐富的成果,結(jié)合這一地區(qū)代表剖面——建湖岡西剖面的孢粉分析與考古學(xué)研究發(fā)掘資料,推測結(jié)論如下：(1)全新世以來江淮東部環(huán)境經(jīng)歷了：泥炭淺水沼澤—泥質(zhì)海灘—瀉湖海灣—瀉湖—濱海低地環(huán)境。(2)在中全新世適宜期,受全球暖濕氣候、長江、淮河三角洲的發(fā)育和海面變化的共同作用,江淮東部約7000aB.P.,陸地東擴、多道砂堤形成及古瀉湖發(fā)育,形成低洼的里下河地區(qū)。適宜的水、氣環(huán)境繁育了大量的水生的動、植物和大型哺乳動物,為古代先民居住提供了適宜的居住地和食物資源。岳石文化末期(3450aB.P.年稍后),氣候溫和略干,江淮東部長期處于鹽沼環(huán)境,且海潮成災(zāi),導(dǎo)致先民遷徙,古文化出現(xiàn)斷歇。(3)新石器文化是在全新世大暖期發(fā)展起來的,但高溫期并不一定意味著區(qū)域文化的繁榮。江淮東部地區(qū)由于特殊的地理位置及入海河口三角洲地貌演化特征,高溫期受高海面、自然災(zāi)害等影響,地表環(huán)境并不適合人類居住,古文化的發(fā)展反而受到一定的制約。氣候、海平面變化和三角洲演變是直接影響本區(qū)新石器文化興衰的三個重要因素。古環(huán)境演變及海面變化對江淮東部史前文化的興衰,驅(qū)動作用明顯。
[Abstract]:The evolution of environment since Holocene is closely related to the survival and development of human beings. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to discuss the mutual laws and mechanisms of the environment evolution of human beings, both now and in the future. The prehistoric period since Holocene is the basis and difficulty of environmental change in Holocene. Using AMS14C dating technique and relative dating method, on the basis of establishing reliable sedimentary age series, 49 samples collected from Jianhu Gangxi section with depth less than 5 meters were analyzed for sporopollen analysis, and combined with the comprehensive comparison of previous research results. The paleoenvironmental evolution and shoreline changes in eastern Jianghuai area since Holocene were reconstructed. At the same time, through the statistical analysis of the time-space distribution of ancient sites in the study area, the complete information of the rise and fall of ancient culture since the Neolithic is obtained. This paper probes into the relationship between the development of ancient culture and the evolution of environment, and analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution of Neolithic archaeological sites in the eastern part of Jianghuai, from the perspectives of geography and archaeology. The relationship between the gestation and development of human civilization since Neolithic, the evolution of delta, the formation of sand dikes and the changes of shoreline are discussed from the perspective of history. The evolution of natural environment plays an important role in the cultural activities of the local Neolithic ancestors. Many scholars have carried out stratigraphic profile studies in the eastern part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and obtained rich results. Combined with the palynological analysis and archaeological research of the representative profile of Jianhu Gangxi in this area, The conclusions are as follows: (1) the environment of eastern Jianghuai has experienced since Holocene: peat shallow water swamp, muddy beach, lagoon bay, lagoon, littoral lowland environment. The development of Huaihe River Delta and the changes of sea surface, about 7 000 a B. P., the eastward expansion of land, the formation of many sand dikes and the development of ancient lagoons, and the formation of low-lying Lixiahe area. The suitable water and gas environment bred a large number of aquatic animals, plants and large mammals, which provided suitable living place and food resources for the ancient ancestors. In the end of Yueshi culture, 3450a B.P. Later in 2000, the climate was mild and slightly dry, and the eastern part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River was in a salt marsh environment for a long time, and the sea tide caused the migration of the ancestors. The ancient culture developed during the great warm period of the Holocene. But the high-temperature period does not necessarily mean the prosperity of regional culture. Due to the special geographical location and the evolution characteristics of estuarine delta in the eastern part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, the surface environment is not suitable for human being because of the influence of high sea level and natural disaster in the high temperature period, but the development of ancient culture is restricted to a certain extent. Climate, sea level change and delta evolution are three important factors directly affecting the rise and fall of Neolithic culture. The evolution of paleoenvironment and sea level change have a significant driving effect on the rise and decline of prehistoric culture in the east of Jianghuai River and Huaihe River.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K878

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