本文選題：神人抱魚(yú) + 銅帶鉤　； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 帶鉤是我國(guó)古代扣接束腰革帶或別在腰帶上以供懸掛囊物、裝飾品的鉤。它蘊(yùn)含著豐富的文化內(nèi)涵和歷史信息,成為社會(huì)歷史和文化研究重要的物質(zhì)文化遺物。本文在綜合前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)對(duì)已出土帶鉤作出初步的分類,將帶鉤從原料、造型、工藝等方面劃分為不同類型。從原料來(lái)分,可以分為：金、銀、銅、鐵、玉、石、骨、木、其它等幾種材質(zhì),分析了各類帶鉤最早的出土?xí)r間和地點(diǎn),并且列舉了典型的出土地點(diǎn)；從考古類型學(xué)分,可以分為三型八類：水禽形、獸面形、耜形、曲棒形、琵琶形、長(zhǎng)牌形、全獸形、異形,其中水禽形、獸面形、耜形為小型帶鉤,曲棒形、琵琶形、長(zhǎng)牌形為長(zhǎng)型帶鉤,全獸形、異形為藝術(shù)型帶鉤,而且對(duì)這幾類帶鉤的延續(xù)時(shí)代和分布范圍也作出了相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì),根據(jù)這些分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定了本文所論述的神人抱魚(yú)銅帶鉤的屬性。從工藝上來(lái)分：可以分為錯(cuò)、鏤、嵌、刻等工藝,由于諸多考古報(bào)告中未對(duì)此作出全面鑒定,因此本文對(duì)此沒(méi)有進(jìn)行探討。通過(guò)對(duì)出土帶鉤資料的搜集整理,將帶鉤的發(fā)展階段分為初始期(春秋中期至戰(zhàn)國(guó)早期)、興盛期(戰(zhàn)國(guó)中期至戰(zhàn)國(guó)晚期)、推廣期(秦漢時(shí)期)和衰微期(魏晉時(shí)期)四大期,并且總結(jié)各時(shí)代帶鉤的特點(diǎn)并分析各型式的流行時(shí)代。通過(guò)對(duì)帶鉤在墓葬中的出土位置與共出物分析,可知帶鉤的用途共分為三種：束系革帶用鉤、佩系物件用鉤、裝飾用鉤。本文研究的神人抱魚(yú)銅帶鉤目前共發(fā)現(xiàn)十件,在這類帶鉤上,其共同特征表現(xiàn)在造型特點(diǎn)和銘文內(nèi)容上。通過(guò)對(duì)文獻(xiàn)資料的查閱以及與漢代銅鏡銘文的比對(duì)研究,可以得出“丙午”并非實(shí)際年號(hào),是作為一種虛擬之辭來(lái)表達(dá)吉祥的套語(yǔ)。這十件帶鉤中,有五件是考古發(fā)掘出土,其中三件出土的墓葬形制、年代確定,因此結(jié)合墓葬形制、帶鉤發(fā)展過(guò)程中鈕部的變化位置、帶鉤銘文字體、造型內(nèi)容等方面可以推斷出神人抱魚(yú)銅帶鉤的年代范圍為西漢早期到東漢中晚期。神人抱魚(yú)銅帶鉤的造型紋飾方面的共同特點(diǎn)反映了中國(guó)古代裝飾藝術(shù)的四個(gè)重要主題,即龍、神人、神人抱魚(yú)、鳥(niǎo)銜魚(yú),通過(guò)參考大量的文獻(xiàn)資料以及與同時(shí)代的壁畫(huà)、畫(huà)像石、畫(huà)像磚等類似題材進(jìn)行比較分析,得出這四個(gè)主題主要包含的三方面寓意：鎮(zhèn)邪辟兵、祈福求貴及期盼升仙。人們通過(guò)這些藝術(shù)造型來(lái)表達(dá)意愿,反映了漢代的陰陽(yáng)五行、讖緯、神仙信仰等觀念。這些觀念是漢代的主體思想,是漢代普遍的信仰。在人們的日常生活領(lǐng)域幾乎所有的方面,這些主體思想以強(qiáng)大的潛在的力量,影響了人們的行為方式,并且對(duì)人們的審美觀念也有深刻的導(dǎo)向作用,它直接影響了漢代的造型藝術(shù)的面貌。除了思想觀念對(duì)藝術(shù)造型有很大影響外,漢代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展則是這種藝術(shù)作品出現(xiàn)的最基礎(chǔ)的原因。神人抱魚(yú)銅帶鉤就是在這種思想觀念和經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的影響下出現(xiàn)的。
[Abstract]:The belt hook is the hook that fastens the waist leather belt or fastens to the belt for hanging bursa, adornment in ancient China. It contains rich cultural connotations and historical information and becomes an important material and cultural relic of social history and cultural research. On the basis of synthesizing the previous research results, the paper classifies the hooks into different types from raw materials, modeling, technology and so on through the preliminary classification of the unearthed belt hooks. It can be divided into gold, silver, copper, iron, jade, stone, bone, wood and other materials. The earliest unearthed time and place with hook are analyzed, and typical unearthed sites are listed. It can be divided into three types of eight types: waterfowl, animal surface, Si, curved bar, pipa, long brand, animal, special-shaped, including waterfowl, animal surface, Si shape, small band hook, curved bar, pipa shape, long card shape, long band hook, The whole animal shape, the abnormal shape is the art type belt hook, and the related statistics are made on the extension time and distribution range of these kinds of hooks. According to these classification standards, the attribute of the god man holding fish and copper belt hook discussed in this paper is determined. It can be divided into error, engraving, engraving and so on, because many archaeological reports have not made a comprehensive appraisal of this, so this article does not discuss this. Through the collection and arrangement of the unearthed hook data, the development stage of the hook is divided into four periods: the initial period (from the middle of Spring and Autumn period to the early period of warring States), the prosperous period (from the mid-warring States to the late warring States), the promotion period (the Qin and Han dynasties) and the declining period (the Wei and Jin dynasties). And summarize the characteristics of each era with hook and analyze the different types of popular era. Through the analysis of the unearthed position and common objects in the tomb, it can be concluded that the use of the hook can be divided into three kinds: the hook for the leather belt of the bundle system, the hook for the object of the tie system, and the hook for the decoration. At present, ten fish and copper belt hooks have been found in this paper. The common features of this kind of hooks are the modeling characteristics and the contents of the inscriptions. By consulting the literature and comparing it with the inscription of bronze mirror in Han Dynasty, we can draw the conclusion that "Fu Fu" is not an actual year number, but a kind of virtual word to express auspicious expressions. Of these ten pieces, five were unearthed from archaeological excavations, three of which were unearthed in the form of tombs, dating. Therefore, in combination with the tomb shape system, the changing position of the button in the development process of the hook, the type of the inscription with the hook, It can be inferred that the age range of the god man holding fish and copper hook is from the early Western Han Dynasty to the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty. The common features of the shapes and ornaments of the god man holding the fish and bronze belt hook reflect the four important themes of the ancient Chinese decorative art, namely, dragon, god man, god man holding fish, bird fish, and by referring to a large number of documents and contemporary murals. Through comparative analysis of similar subjects, such as stone relief and brick painting, the author draws the conclusion that the four themes mainly contain three moral meanings: to dispel evil spirits to open up soldiers, to pray for good fortune, and to look forward to the promotion of fairy. Through these artistic models, people express their wishes, reflecting the Han Dynasty Yin and Yang five elements, prophecies, fairies and other concepts. These ideas are the main ideas of the Han Dynasty and the common beliefs of the Han Dynasty. In almost all aspects of people's daily life, these main ideas, with their powerful potential, have influenced the way people behave, and also have a profound guiding effect on people's aesthetic concepts. It directly affected the appearance of plastic arts in the Han Dynasty. The economic development of Han Dynasty is the most basic reason for the emergence of this kind of art works. The god man holds the fish with the copper belt hook is under this kind of thought idea and the economic foundation influence appears.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K875

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