本文選題：東周 + 葬用馬車(chē)��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：葬用獨(dú)弨馬車(chē)是先秦時(shí)期貴族身份的代表。由于文化、用途不同,馬車(chē)有不同的工藝裝飾,墓葬中的馬車(chē)和鼎簋一樣,具有標(biāo)志貴族身份等級(jí)的作用。目前經(jīng)考古發(fā)掘的東周車(chē)馬坑已超過(guò)150座,車(chē)輿形態(tài)基本完整的有100多輛。這些車(chē)馬坑或墓葬中的馬車(chē)類型是當(dāng)時(shí)喪葬禮制的重要體現(xiàn),也在一定程度上代表了東周時(shí)期的生活用車(chē)。已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的東周馬車(chē)分布廣泛,從各國(guó)馬車(chē)形態(tài)總體來(lái)看,相同成分較多,而差異也是存在的。 先秦馬車(chē)研究涉及的范圍已經(jīng)很廣,學(xué)術(shù)界從不同角度的研究有車(chē)制的研究、車(chē)馬器飾的類型學(xué)分析和分期斷代、車(chē)馬埋葬(殉葬)制度、車(chē)馬祭祀,車(chē)馬賻贈(zèng)、馬車(chē)與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、馬車(chē)的起源問(wèn)題、與古文獻(xiàn)、古文字結(jié)合的相關(guān)研究等。作為物質(zhì)形態(tài)的研究和宏觀的車(chē)制研究都在逐步深入。本文試圖整理東周時(shí)期出土的車(chē)馬資料,在文獻(xiàn)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)其進(jìn)行分型,進(jìn)而作分期、分區(qū)以及馬車(chē)器用制度研究。歸根到底,馬車(chē)不同于一般禮器,它是一個(gè)綜合了多種復(fù)雜因素的生活用器,因而在討論墓葬中的馬車(chē)時(shí),盡可能從復(fù)原其使用時(shí)的原貌出發(fā)。 第一部分,綜述東周馬車(chē)的發(fā)現(xiàn)情況,對(duì)從文獻(xiàn)和從考古角度出發(fā)的馬車(chē)類型研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了評(píng)析；說(shuō)明本文的研究意義、目的、研究方法和研究對(duì)象。 第二部分,對(duì)傳世文獻(xiàn)中所見(jiàn)馬車(chē)種類進(jìn)行梳理。第一節(jié),梳理了歷史文獻(xiàn)記載的馬車(chē)類別、定名、與馬車(chē)相關(guān)的禮儀、馬車(chē)使用、馬車(chē)制造、馬車(chē)形制、馬車(chē)的發(fā)明情況。第二節(jié),對(duì)文獻(xiàn)中馬車(chē)類別的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了討論,文獻(xiàn)中對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中用車(chē)的情景描述較多,對(duì)喪葬用車(chē)的形制、車(chē)類較少涉及,本文使用相關(guān)資料時(shí)與葬用馬車(chē)進(jìn)行了區(qū)分。 第三部分,關(guān)于出土文獻(xiàn)所表現(xiàn)的馬車(chē)類別。第一節(jié),對(duì)金文中的車(chē)馬器、金車(chē)、駒車(chē)進(jìn)行討論；第二節(jié),梳理竹簡(jiǎn)、秦石鼓文中馬車(chē)類別；第三節(jié),認(rèn)識(shí)東周時(shí)期銅器、巖畫(huà)、漆器上的馬車(chē)形象,古文字以及圖象材料對(duì)于我們認(rèn)識(shí)或更真實(shí)地理解商周時(shí)期的用車(chē)有著重要啟發(fā)。 第四部分,綜合多種因素對(duì)東周馬車(chē)進(jìn)行類型學(xué)分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上分期。探討各期馬車(chē)的特征。東周馬車(chē)可以分為三期。 第一期：春秋早、中期 第二期：春秋晚期到戰(zhàn)國(guó)早期 第三期：戰(zhàn)國(guó)中、晚期 與西周相比,東周時(shí)期的戰(zhàn)車(chē)用途更加細(xì)化,有小型戰(zhàn)車(chē),重型戰(zhàn)車(chē)和指揮車(chē),這三者有車(chē)輿大小和車(chē)上設(shè)置的不同；安車(chē)是乘車(chē)的一種,在東周時(shí)期一直都有,春秋晚期到戰(zhàn)國(guó)早期,安車(chē)裝飾更加豪華,到了戰(zhàn)國(guó)晚期,安車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)的更為舒適。 第五部分,將東周墓葬中的馬車(chē)分為三晉兩周地區(qū)、關(guān)隴秦文化區(qū)、長(zhǎng)江中游楚文化區(qū)馬車(chē)進(jìn)行車(chē)型上的分析。三晉兩周馬車(chē)車(chē)型保守,形制一致,車(chē)輿面積統(tǒng)一。早期秦文化馬車(chē)以繼承兩周車(chē)型為主,在戰(zhàn)國(guó)晚期,車(chē)型有比較大的突破,在馬車(chē)形制和車(chē)輿形態(tài)上都創(chuàng)東周各國(guó)車(chē)型之最。楚文化馬車(chē)在其發(fā)展中,兼收并蓄,較多考慮專車(chē)專用和乘車(chē)的舒適。 第六部分,對(duì)東周墓葬中的馬車(chē)分實(shí)用車(chē)和明器車(chē)進(jìn)行器用制度的分析：功用相同的實(shí)用馬車(chē)有車(chē)輿大小、等級(jí)之分；在高級(jí)貴族社會(huì)活動(dòng)的正式場(chǎng)合,車(chē)型一般比較固定,而生活用車(chē),車(chē)輿形狀多樣；同一墓葬中往往將不同功用馬車(chē)有序放置；女性墓葬也有馬車(chē)隨葬,馬車(chē)尺寸稍�。获R車(chē)明器化是東周馬車(chē)隨葬的特征之一,其始于車(chē)馬器的明器化,到真實(shí)馬車(chē)的縮小版,再發(fā)展到陶、泥質(zhì)、銅質(zhì)馬車(chē)模型對(duì)真車(chē)的替代。 文章在對(duì)文獻(xiàn)和前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)對(duì)東周時(shí)期葬用馬車(chē)車(chē)輿形狀、大小、馬車(chē)形制的分析,對(duì)墓葬中的馬車(chē)性質(zhì)有了一定的認(rèn)識(shí),對(duì)馬車(chē)的發(fā)展階段有了劃分,同時(shí)分析了不同區(qū)域的馬車(chē)特點(diǎn)。對(duì)馬車(chē)的器用制度進(jìn)行了初步的研究。
[Abstract]:For the carriage is buried bow nobility of the pre Qin period. Because of the culture, different purposes, different decorative craft carriage, carriage and Ding GUI tombs, with signs of nobility rank. The archaeological excavation of the Eastern Zhou chariot pit has more than 150 vehicles, there are more than 100 basic forms of integrity these vehicles. In the tombs of the chariot pit or carriage type is an important embodiment of funeral ceremony at the time, also on behalf of the Eastern Zhou period life vehicles to a certain extent. The carriage distribution has been found widely, from the carriage form overall, the same composition is more, but differences also exist.
The study involved have the carriage range is very wide, the academic circles from different perspectives on the study of vehicle system, and analysis of the types of decorative periodization and dating, and buried (sacrificial) system, and sacrifice, and the carriage and war, present a gift to a bereaved family, the origin of the carriage, and the ancient literature, related to the study of ancient texts according to the study. As the material form and the macroscopic vehicle system are gradually in-depth. This paper attempts to sort out the data in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty unearthed chariots, based on the literature study on the classification and staging system research. After all partitions and the carriage, the carriage is different from the general ritual, it is a a combination of a variety of complex factors in life, so in the discussion in the tombs of the carriage, as far as possible, starting from the restoration of its use at the time of the original.
The first part, the summary of the discovery of the carriage, and starting from the literature from the archaeological perspective the research status of the carriage type; explains the significance of the research, the purpose of this paper, research methods and research objects.
The second part of the carriage types see in extant literature to sort out. The first section reviews historical documents carriage category, name, and carriage related etiquette, carriage, carriage, carriage form, invention of the cart. The second section, classification of the literature in the carriage categories are discussed, on the car real life scenario described in the literature for more, the funeral car shape, such as less involved, the use of relevant data and the burial in the carriage were distinguished.
The third part, the performance of unearthed literature category. The first section of the carriage, and Jin Wenzhong, of the gold car, colt car is discussed; in section second, combing the Qin Bamboo Slips, the carriage in the stone category; third, research of Eastern Zhou Dynasty bronze, shaped like rock, the carriage on the lacquer ware, ancient text and image materials the important inspiration for us to understand or more real understanding of the Shang and Zhou dynasties of the car.
The fourth part, comprehensive factors typological analysis of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty carriage, and on the basis of this stage. To explore the characteristics of each period of the cart. The cart can be divided into three stages.
The first stage: early spring and autumn, middle period
The second period: the late spring and Autumn period to the early Warring States
The third period: in the Warring States period, the late stage
Compared with the Western Zhou Dynasty, the use of tanks in the Eastern Zhou period more refined, small vehicles, heavy vehicles and command vehicle, the three have set the vehicle size and the car is different; safety car is a car, in the Eastern Zhou period has been, the late spring and Autumn period to the early Warring States period, an even more luxurious car decoration, to the late Warring States period, car design is more comfortable.
The fifth part will be divided into the tombs of the Eastern Zhou period in the carriage two weeks off Longqin Shanxi area, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River culture area, Chu culture area were analyzed. The carriage vehicle Shanxi two week wagon models conservative, shape consistent, unified car and carriage area. The early Qin culture to inherit two weeks in the late Warring States period, models, models there is a big breakthrough in the carriage vehicle shape and form a type of carriage. Most countries of Eastern Zhou Chu culture in its development, eclectic, considered more special and ride comfort.
The sixth part is for the system analysis of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty tomb in the carriage and its utility vehicle divided car: the same car carriage utility function and size grades; formal occasions in senior aristocratic social activities, models are generally relatively fixed, and the life of car, car and shape varied in the same tomb; the different functions of the carriage often placed orderly; female tombs of a chariot burial carriage smaller; the carriage is one of the characteristics of burial burial started in the carriage, and the funerary objects, to a smaller version of Real Coach, to the development of pottery, clay, substitute copper carriage model to the real car.
Based on the literature and previous studies, the size of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty burial carriage vehicle shape, shape analysis, carriage, to have a certain understanding of the nature of the carriage in the tombs, were divided into the development stage of carriage, and analyzes the characteristics of different regions of the carriage. The carriage is carried out a preliminary study using the system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K878.8

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 曹明成;出土文物工藝研究的考古學(xué)意義[D];中國(guó)藝術(shù)研究院;2013年

2 李志鵬;兩周時(shí)期葬馬遺存研究[D];鄭州大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1764986