本文選題：傳統(tǒng)加固劑 + 合成加固劑　； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：彩繪類文物是中華民族的文化瑰寶,具有極高的歷史、文化以及藝術(shù)價值。但是由于年代久遠(yuǎn),加之彩繪類文物容易受到自然光、溫度、濕度、微生物等外界因素的影響和破壞,便會出現(xiàn)一系列病害,比如顏料層粉化脫落、起甲、空鼓等,因此對于彩繪類文物的保護(hù)加固劑的研究仍是文物保護(hù)工作者的重心。19世紀(jì)70年代,高分子材料被引入國內(nèi)文物保護(hù)領(lǐng)域并在修復(fù)過程中代替了一些傳統(tǒng)加固材料。到目前為止,在彩繪類文物的修復(fù)中,大到壁畫揭取,小到起甲彩繪的回貼,使用最多的仍舊是高分子合成材料。雖然這些高分子加固劑有著滲透快、使用便捷等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但是隨著時間的流逝,對文物造成了一系列無法逆轉(zhuǎn)的破壞;而傳統(tǒng)膠結(jié)材料(明膠)經(jīng)過數(shù)千年的自然環(huán)境考驗(yàn),顏料層仍能完整保存下來,證明了傳統(tǒng)膠結(jié)材料耐老化性效果極佳。因此將傳統(tǒng)膠結(jié)材料作為彩繪類文物的加固劑,不僅可以解決材料與文物的兼容性,還保留文物本身攜帶的信息,保留了文物的DNA。此外明膠無毒,無污染,價格低廉,依據(jù)原材料、原工藝保護(hù)修復(fù)文物的基本原則,推廣明膠這類傳統(tǒng)加固劑的使用成為文物保護(hù)修復(fù)工作者的歷史使命。文章分為三個部分,主要的研究內(nèi)容如下:為了更好的了解傳統(tǒng)加固劑的理化性能以及在彩繪類文物中的應(yīng)用效果,第一部分對傳統(tǒng)加固劑與合成加固劑各種性能進(jìn)行對比研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)主要將傳統(tǒng)加固劑明膠與合成加固劑B72、AC33、PVB在膜材料以及模擬彩繪樣塊的性能進(jìn)行對比。其中膜材料研究包括疏水性分析、紫外可見分光光度計(jì)分析、力學(xué)強(qiáng)度分析、透氣性測試分析以及膜材料老化過程分析;模擬彩繪樣塊分析包括加固前后顏料塊色度變化分析、疏水性能分析、紫外老化過程中色度變化分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)明膠在絕大部分測試中都展現(xiàn)了優(yōu)勢,有著較強(qiáng)的理化性能。然而實(shí)驗(yàn)表明明膠在膜材料和模擬彩繪紫外老化分析中易變黃且石綠的顏色較為明顯,此外明膠硬度大韌性小、滲透性能差、使用前需加熱熔融且極易變?yōu)槟z嚴(yán)重限制了其作為加固劑的推廣應(yīng)用等。第二部分針對以上問題便對明膠進(jìn)行改性,因此制作微乳液明膠對于明膠水溶液進(jìn)行改性研究成為本論文的主要任務(wù)。由于微乳液具有分散相小、滲透性好、配置便捷、熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好,久置不分層等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此利用微乳液技術(shù)對明膠進(jìn)行改性。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)油包水明膠溶液并不符合文物保護(hù)原則,而水包油型微乳液則更適合明膠改性。實(shí)驗(yàn)中探討了水油比、乳化劑種類及濃度、溫度、添加方式、攪拌方式等影響因子,并且通過紫外可見分光光度計(jì)篩選出當(dāng)水油比為10:1,采用兩種乳化劑進(jìn)行復(fù)配,并且乳化劑復(fù)配的比例為:span80: Tween80=1:10、溫度為33℃-40℃,高速攪拌和低速剪切相結(jié)合、并且添加方式為水相-水相表面活性劑+油相-油相表面活性劑時,制得的微乳液穩(wěn)定性和透光率更好,所得的溶液微亮、透明均一且泛藍(lán)光,且所成的膜材料更加符合文物保護(hù)加固劑原則,也適用于彩繪類文物加固。第三部分進(jìn)行了明膠與改性明膠性能對比。針對改性明膠的優(yōu)劣實(shí)驗(yàn)采用滲透性能測試、力學(xué)性能測試、黏度測試、貯存時間、膜材料老化色度分析以及彩繪老化性能分析等手段對于明膠和明膠微乳液性能進(jìn)行了對比,實(shí)驗(yàn)表明微乳液明膠在滲透性能、力學(xué)性能、貯存時間膜材料老化色度分析以及彩繪老化性能分析方面均優(yōu)于明膠溶液,雖然其黏度略有所下降,但仍可以作為加固劑使用。
[Abstract]:Color relics is the treasure of Chinese culture, has a very high historical, cultural and artistic value. But because of the age, and the color relics are vulnerable to natural light, temperature, humidity, and other factors and effects of microbial destruction, there will be a series of diseases, such as pigment powder shedding, flaking, therefore, for the protection of hollowing, color relics reinforcement agent research is still the focus of cultural relics protection workers.19 century 70s, polymer materials were introduced into the field of cultural relics protection at home and in the repair process instead of the traditional reinforcement materials. So far, in the repair of color relics in large murals to take off, small as a painting of the post, the most used is still the polymer. Although these polymer reinforcing agent has the advantages of convenient and fast penetration, use, but as time went on, the cultural relics Caused a series of irreversible damage; while the traditional cementing material (Ming Jiao) after thousands of years of natural environmental test, pigment layer can still preserved, proved that the aging effect is excellent resistance to traditional cementitious materials. So the traditional cementing material as reinforcing agent and color relics, can not only solve the material and cultural compatibility also, the preservation of heritage itself carries information, retain the cultural relics in addition Ming Jiao DNA. is non-toxic, no pollution, low price, on the basis of raw materials, the basic principles of the restoration of the original process protection, the promotion of Ming Jiao traditional reinforcement agent using a historical mission of cultural relics protection repair workers. The article is divided into three parts, research the main contents are as follows: in order to better understand the physicochemical properties of the traditional strengthening agent and application effect of color relics in the first part, reinforcing agent and reinforcing agent on the traditional synthesis The performance comparison experiment of traditional reinforcing agent of gelatin and synthetic reinforcing agent B72, AC33, PVB were compared in membrane materials and performance simulation specimens. The painting film materials research including hydrophobic analysis, UV spectrophotometer analysis, strength analysis, process analysis and analysis of aging breathable membrane material test; simulation analysis includes the analysis of samples before and after painting the color changes of pigment block reinforcement, hydrophobic performance analysis, analysis of color changes of UV aging. Experimental results show that the vast majority of gelatin in testing of both show the advantages, has a strong physical and chemical properties. However, experiments show that aging analysis and gelatin become yellow green the color is more obvious in the simulation of membrane materials and painted UV, in addition of gelatin hardness toughness, poor permeability, before use and highly variable for the heating and melting seriously limits the gel As to promote the application of reinforcement agent. In the second part, in view of the above problem of gelatin was modified, thus making the microemulsion for gelatin gelatin solution was modified to become the main task of this paper. The microemulsion has small dispersed phase, good permeability, convenient configuration, good thermodynamic stability, petroleu etc. The advantages, so the use of micro emulsion technology of gelatin was modified. Through the experiment of water in oil gelatin solution does not comply with the principles of conservation, and water in oil microemulsion is more suitable for the modified gelatin. Experiments on water oil ratio, emulsifier type and concentration, temperature, addition, stirring effect factor, and through the ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer were selected when the ratio of water to oil was 10:1, with two kinds of compound emulsifier, and the emulsifier ratio: span80: Tween80=1:10, the temperature of 33 DEG -40 DEG C, stirring speed The combination of low shear mixing, and adding water aqueous surfactant + oil phase to oil phase surfactant, prepared by microemulsion stability and light transmittance is better, the solution of the micro light, transparent and uniform and blue light, and the membrane material accords with the protection of cultural relics consolidant principle also, suitable for color relics reinforcement. The third part of the modified gelatin and gelatin. The quality of experimental performance comparison of modified gelatin by permeability test, mechanical properties test, viscosity test, storage time, color analysis and performance analysis method for aging stained gelatin and gelatin micro emulsion properties were compared with aging film materials, experiments show that the mechanical properties of micro emulsion gelatin in permeability, and the storage time of membrane material aging analysis and performance analysis of color painting aging were better than those of gelatin solution, while the viscosity increases slightly It is reduced, but it can still be used as a reinforcing agent.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ317;K879.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 曹婧婧;白崇斌;;微乳液研究進(jìn)展及應(yīng)用[J];西部考古;2016年01期

2 劉紅晶;焦陽;潘陽;李冬;;水/[NH_2 ebim][PF_6]/Triton X-100/正丁醇/環(huán)己烷微乳液體系的制備[J];化學(xué)研究與應(yīng)用;2016年06期

3 呂舟;;《中國文物古跡保護(hù)準(zhǔn)則》的修訂與中國文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的發(fā)展[J];中國文化遺產(chǎn);2015年02期

4 黃建華;楊璐;夏寅;付倩麗;嚴(yán)淑梅;王婷;王麗琴;;古代文物表面常見天然有機(jī)物的顯微共聚焦拉曼光譜研究[J];文物保護(hù)與考古科學(xué);2014年03期

5 趙南;;歐洲壁畫的發(fā)展與油畫的產(chǎn)生[J];美術(shù)教育研究;2013年24期

6 劉徹;;掃描電鏡的發(fā)展及其在聚合物材料研究中的應(yīng)用[J];中山大學(xué)研究生學(xué)刊(自然科學(xué).醫(yī)學(xué)版);2013年04期

7 張基偉;賀林;;關(guān)中地區(qū)唐代壁畫墓的保護(hù)與研究——以蒲城唐高力士墓為例[J];文物;2013年07期

8 成倩;趙丹丹;郭宏;;早期失效保護(hù)修復(fù)材料對壁畫的影響[J];文物保護(hù)與考古科學(xué);2013年02期

9 張尚欣;付倩麗;黃建華;王亮;李斌;嚴(yán)蘇梅;毛曉芬;;秦俑二號坑出土一件彩繪跪射俑的保護(hù)修復(fù)[J];文物保護(hù)與考古科學(xué);2012年04期

10 邱運(yùn)仁;歐陽偉;;聚乙烯醇縮丁醛溶液的動態(tài)流變性能[J];中南大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2011年07期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前9條

1 韓煒師;納米SiO_2改性丙烯酸酯類文物保護(hù)材料B72研究[D];西北大學(xué);2014年

2 張瑾;植物源殺菌劑的復(fù)配及其微乳液的制備[D];天津大學(xué);2013年

3 李迎;納米TiO_2改性文物保護(hù)材料研究[D];西北大學(xué);2012年

4 王本紅;粉煤灰沸石處理造紙廢水的研究[D];山東輕工業(yè)學(xué)院;2009年

5 魏娜;微乳液的制備及微乳除油的研究[D];遼寧師范大學(xué);2009年

6 黃淼淼;反相微乳液的電導(dǎo)研究及其在氧化鋁納米顆粒制備上的應(yīng)用[D];鄭州大學(xué);2007年

7 趙靜;高分子文物保護(hù)涂層材料的穩(wěn)定性能及在彩繪文物保護(hù)中的應(yīng)用研究[D];西北大學(xué);2007年

8 秦曉燕;納米級氨基硅油乳液的制備方法與性能研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2006年

9 馬曉晶;表面活性劑與聚合物之間的相互作用及其對中相微乳液影響的研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2004年

，

本文編號：1760640