本文選題：文化景觀遺產(chǎn) + 文物古跡　； 參考：《北京建筑大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國的文物古跡保護由來已久,隨著保護工作的深入開展和保護理念的不斷提升,景觀與環(huán)境對文物古跡保護的重要性越來越受到關注。如何認知和保護與文物古跡息息相關的自然環(huán)境和景觀是近年文物古跡保護工作探索的內(nèi)容之一。與此同時,世界遺產(chǎn)保護中文化景觀保護理論為這一探索提供了新的視角。世界遺產(chǎn)中的文化景觀強調(diào)人與自然的共同作用,并以此作為識別和保護的核心內(nèi)容。通過對文化景觀的提出、發(fā)展以及概念和內(nèi)涵的深入分析可以清楚的看到,世界遺產(chǎn)語境下的“文化景觀”體現(xiàn)著人類文明與自然環(huán)境之間互動的多樣性。文化景觀遺產(chǎn)的出現(xiàn)不但是世界遺產(chǎn)保護的巨大進步,也為世界各國的文化遺產(chǎn)保護提供了可供借鑒的新思路。特別是在中國,中國文物古跡中突出的自然影響使其與世界遺產(chǎn)文化景觀存在許多共通之處,甚至有相當數(shù)量的文物古跡都可被評估為文化景觀遺產(chǎn)。因此,借鑒文化景觀理論研究和保護我國文物古跡中的景觀與環(huán)境是具有現(xiàn)實可行性的。北京西郊的皇家園林靜宜園是清代北京地區(qū)唯一的天然山地園。得天獨厚的自然條件、悠久豐富的人文資源為靜宜園的建造提供了其它區(qū)域所不具備的良好基礎。經(jīng)過深得漢文化精髓的乾隆皇帝悉心經(jīng)營,靜宜園以其特有的天然山野情趣在京城其它皇家園林中別具一格。研究認為,靜宜園具有突出的文化景觀屬性,它的營建充分體現(xiàn)著自然與人類文明的相互作用。借鑒文化景觀保護理論指導靜宜園文物古跡的認知和保護,更有利于其真實性、完整性的保護。文化景觀視角下的靜宜園保護與傳統(tǒng)文物古跡保護具有明顯區(qū)別。首先,它以“景觀”為價值主體,關注對自然與文化價值的識別。其次,保護對象由文物建筑擴大到全部的自然和文化構(gòu)成要素,并包括構(gòu)成要素間的相互關系。再次,保護方式在原有對文物建筑實施保護工程的基礎上進一步強調(diào)“展示”的重要性。最后,在對文物古跡中的人工構(gòu)筑物采取靜態(tài)保護模式的基礎上,引入針對景觀環(huán)境的動態(tài)保護模式,并通過監(jiān)控和評估對變化予以控制。靜宜園文化景觀的保護研究是對世界遺產(chǎn)文化景觀保護理論與中國文物古跡保護相結(jié)合的探索,不論是價值和價值載體的識別還是保護理念和保護措施的應用,文化景觀理論都為真實、完整的保護我國珍貴而獨特的文物古跡提供了新的視角和思路。
[Abstract]:The protection of cultural relics and monuments in China has a long history. With the development of conservation work and the continuous improvement of conservation concept, the importance of landscape and environment to the protection of cultural relics and monuments has been paid more and more attention.How to recognize and protect the natural environment and landscape, which are closely related to cultural relics and monuments, is one of the contents of the protection of cultural relics and monuments in recent years.At the same time, the theory of cultural landscape protection in the protection of world heritage provides a new perspective for this exploration.The cultural landscape in the world heritage emphasizes the interaction between man and nature, and takes it as the core content of identification and protection.Through putting forward, developing and analyzing the concept and connotation of cultural landscape, we can clearly see that "cultural landscape" in the context of world heritage reflects the diversity of interaction between human civilization and natural environment.The emergence of cultural landscape heritage is not only a great progress of the world heritage protection, but also provides a new idea for the world cultural heritage protection.Especially in China, the outstanding natural influence of Chinese cultural relics and monuments makes them have many similarities with the world heritage and cultural landscape, even a considerable number of cultural relics and monuments can be evaluated as cultural landscape heritage.Therefore, it is feasible to study and protect the landscape and environment in the cultural landscape theory.Jingyi Garden, a royal garden in the western suburb of Beijing, was the only natural mountain garden in the Qing Dynasty.The unique natural conditions and the long and abundant human resources provide a good foundation for the construction of Jingyi Garden.Through the careful management of Emperor Qianlong, who has gained the essence of Han culture, Jingyi Garden is unique in other royal gardens of the capital with its unique natural mountain and wild taste.The study holds that Jingyi Garden has outstanding cultural landscape properties, and its construction fully reflects the interaction between nature and human civilization.Using the theory of cultural landscape protection for reference to guide the cognition and protection of cultural relics and monuments in Jingyi Park is more conducive to the protection of its authenticity and integrity.The protection of Jingyi Park from the perspective of cultural landscape is obviously different from the protection of traditional cultural relics and monuments.First of all, it regards landscape as the value subject and pays attention to the recognition of natural and cultural values.Secondly, the object of protection is expanded from cultural relic building to all the elements of nature and culture, and includes the relationship between the elements.Thirdly, the protection mode emphasizes the importance of "display" on the basis of the original protection project of cultural relic buildings.Finally, based on the static protection mode of artificial structures in cultural relics and historic sites, the dynamic conservation mode for landscape environment is introduced, and the change is controlled by monitoring and evaluation.The research on the conservation of Jingyiyuan cultural landscape is an exploration of the combination of the theory of world heritage and cultural landscape conservation and the protection of Chinese cultural relics and monuments, whether it is the identification of value and value carrier, or the application of conservation ideas and measures.The theory of cultural landscape provides a new perspective and train of thought for the real and complete protection of our country's precious and unique cultural relics and monuments.
【學位授予單位】：北京建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K878

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