本文選題：楚 + 玉器�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文主要是研究春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期楚地范圍出土的玉器,對(duì)春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期楚地玉器的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)、玉器的分類及用途、玉器的特點(diǎn)、玉與楚人的社會(huì)生活等問題進(jìn)行細(xì)致探討。 玉器早在史前時(shí)期就作為一種溝通神靈的媒介而存在,隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,玉器的功能也漸漸增多,并被廣泛應(yīng)用于社會(huì)的各個(gè)方面。中國最早的玉器是作為裝飾品出現(xiàn)的,加之人們對(duì)玉的喜愛,玉器的審美性得到關(guān)注；原始社會(huì)“萬物有靈”崇拜的影響,玉器被賦予一定的宗教內(nèi)涵；“君子比德于玉”觀念的盛行,使玉器的道德內(nèi)涵越來越重要。 通過對(duì)春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期楚地玉器的統(tǒng)計(jì)可以看出,墓主地位越高,墓葬出土玉器數(shù)量就越多；墓主地位越低,隨葬玉器就越少。中國自古就有尚玉的傳統(tǒng),楚地受周代“事死如事生”觀念的影響,尚玉風(fēng)氣濃厚。同時(shí),通過文獻(xiàn)記載,并結(jié)合墓葬出土玉器的材質(zhì)鑒定情況,對(duì)玉材的來源進(jìn)行推斷。楚地產(chǎn)玉,新疆的和田玉、南陽的獨(dú)山玉以及少量的陜西藍(lán)田玉等都是楚地玉器的原材料,同時(shí)也兼有綠松石、瑪瑙、水晶等。楚人受中原文化的影響,玉的使用也有嚴(yán)格限制。 墓葬出土的玉器按用途可分為禮玉、葬玉、裝飾玉、實(shí)用生活玉器等四個(gè)部分,并結(jié)合器物的形制、紋飾等進(jìn)行細(xì)致劃分,通過文獻(xiàn)記載與考古實(shí)物的結(jié)合,探討玉器的具體用途。通過與齊國、吳國、秦國等地的玉器比較,探索楚地玉器在形制、紋飾、組合等方面的與眾不同,通過文獻(xiàn)記載還可以看出這些不同與楚人崇鳳尊龍的習(xí)俗有一定關(guān)聯(lián),楚人崇鳳,但也不貶龍,從出土玉器中也可以看出楚人的這種信仰。 玉器的重要性也在楚國統(tǒng)治者的提倡下日漸呈現(xiàn),楚俗“信巫鬼,重淫祀”,玉器成為祭祀的一種器具,楚人用來遍祭神靈、祖先、山川、河流等。此外,玉器還是身份等級(jí)、財(cái)富的象征,同時(shí)玉也是道德的象征,文明的載體。玉與楚人的社會(huì)生活關(guān)系密切,通過玉器可以更清晰的窺探楚人物質(zhì)生活和精神世界。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the jade unearthed in the area of Chu during the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, and makes a detailed discussion on the archaeological discovery, classification and use, characteristics, social life of jade and Chu people in the period of Spring and Autumn and warring States.Jade wares existed as a medium for communicating gods as early as in prehistoric period. With the development of the times, the functions of Jade articles gradually increased, and they were widely used in all aspects of society.The earliest jade wares in China appeared as ornaments, and the people loved jade, so the aesthetic quality of jade was concerned, the influence of worship of "all things have animism" in primitive society, jade articles were endowed with certain religious connotation.The moral connotation of jade articles is more and more important because of the prevalence of the concept of "superior man than virtue Yu Yu".Through the statistics of Chu jade in the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, it can be seen that the higher the position of tomb owner, the more jade articles unearthed from tombs, and the lower the status of tomb owners, the less jade articles are buried.Since ancient times, China has the tradition of jade, Chu by the Zhou Dynasty "death as life" concept, jade atmosphere is strong.At the same time, the origin of jade material is inferred by literature records and material identification of jade articles unearthed from tombs.Chu real estate jade, Xinjiang Hetian jade, Nanyang Dushan jade and a small amount of Shaanxi Lan Tianyu are raw materials for Chu jade, but also have turquoise, agate, crystal and so on.Chu people were influenced by the Central Plains culture, and the use of jade was also strictly restricted.The jade objects unearthed in the tombs can be divided into four parts according to their use: ritual jade, burial jade, decorative jade, practical life jade, and combined with the shape and decoration of the objects, and through the combination of documentary records and archaeological objects,This paper discusses the concrete use of jade articles.By comparing them with those of Qi, Wu, Qin and other places, this paper explores the differences in shapes, ornaments, combinations and other aspects of jade objects in Chu. Through documentary records, it can also be seen that these differences are related to the custom of venerating the Phoenix and respecting the dragon among Chu people.Chu people worship Feng, but also do not demean the dragon, from unearthed jade can also see this belief of Chu people.The importance of jade articles also appeared gradually under the advocacy of the rulers of Chu. Chu customs "believe in witches and ghosts and pay more attention to prostitution". Jade objects become a kind of instrument for sacrificing gods, ancestors, mountains, rivers and so on.In addition, jade is a symbol of status, wealth, and morality, and a carrier of civilization.Jade is closely related to the social life of Chu people. Through jade articles, we can explore the material life and spiritual world of Chu people more clearly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K876.8

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 趙瑾;東周時(shí)期出土玉璧用途的初步研究[D];中國藝術(shù)研究院;2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1741802