本文選題：漢宋間　切入點：敦煌　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：古代敦煌地處河西走廊最西端,屬于綠洲之地,是連通中原和西域的交通樞紐和必經(jīng)之地。自從西漢武帝開發(fā)河西、設(shè)立敦煌郡以來,由于敦煌特殊的地理位置和歷史因素,使得其成為一個既開放又封閉的社會。 自漢至宋朝期間是古代敦煌社會各方面發(fā)展特征最為明顯的時期。隨著漢武帝開發(fā)河西,許多中原大族由于拓邊、征戰(zhàn)、避禍等各種原因徙入敦煌,他們通過立功西域,儒術(shù)傳家等方式,逐漸在敦煌立足腳跟,成為敦煌大族。幾乎與此同時,佛教也傳入敦煌。從此,敦煌大族與佛教結(jié)下了不解之緣。漢宋間,敦煌大族與佛教的關(guān)系非常密切。 漢宋間,敦煌大族與佛教的關(guān)系經(jīng)歷了由初步接觸,到廣泛信仰,到信仰興盛,到信仰世俗化、功利化的過程。漢晉之際,初入敦煌的大族剛剛接觸新傳入的佛教文化,他們并未廣泛信仰佛教。五涼時期,敦煌大族實現(xiàn)了由儒學(xué)獨尊到儒釋兼通的思想文化轉(zhuǎn)變,他們抄經(jīng)奉佛,開始廣泛信仰佛教。北朝時期,敦煌大族的佛教信仰長足發(fā)展,他們抄寫供養(yǎng)大量佛經(jīng),參與莫高窟早期石窟的修建,但是大族家窟的數(shù)量尚比較少。隋唐時期,敦煌大族佛教信仰繁榮興盛,大量大族家窟在莫高窟得以營造,掀起了莫高窟營建的高潮。吐蕃時期,敦煌大族更加信仰佛教,佛教寺院成為敦煌大族避難棲身的場所。歸義軍時期,以張、曹二氏為首的敦煌大族格外崇信佛教,各種佛事活動頻繁,家族窟修建興盛,促進(jìn)了佛教發(fā)展的新高潮。同時,他們的佛教信仰目的更加現(xiàn)實、功利化。敦煌大族的佛教信仰經(jīng)歷了由漢晉北朝時期虔誠信仰,到唐宋時期信仰更加世俗化、功利化的過程。 敦煌大族的佛教信仰及活動也促進(jìn)了敦煌佛教的發(fā)展。敦煌佛教經(jīng)歷了漢晉之際初步立足、發(fā)展,五涼北朝時期長足發(fā)展,唐宋時期繁榮興盛,達(dá)到高潮的幾個階段。佛教完成了中國化的過程。敦煌作為重要的中西交流的中心,正是有了敦煌大族對佛教的信仰和支持,才使敦煌佛教有了不斷的發(fā)展,敦煌于是成為佛教發(fā)展的圣地之— 漢宋間,敦煌大族思想文化變遷的軌跡為由儒學(xué)獨尊,到儒釋道兼通,到佛教信仰繁榮的過程。不論如何,敦煌大族的思想始終以儒家文化為主導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Dunhuang is located at the westernmost end of the Hexi Corridor. It belongs to the oasis and is the transportation hub connecting the Central Plains and the Western regions.Since Western Han Dynasty Emperor Wu developed Hexi and established Dunhuang County, Dunhuang has become an open and closed society because of its special geographical location and historical factors.The period from Han to Song Dynasty was the most obvious period of the development of Dunhuang society in ancient times.With the development of Hexi by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, many of the great families of the Central Plains moved into Dunhuang for various reasons, such as extension, war, disaster avoidance and so on. They gradually established their foothold in Dunhuang and became the great clan of Dunhuang through the ways of performing meritorious service in the Western regions and spreading Confucianism.Almost at the same time, Buddhism was introduced into Dunhuang.From then on, Dunhuang clan and Buddhism formed an inextricable relationship.During Han and Song dynasties, the relationship between Dunhuang clan and Buddhism was very close.During Han and Song dynasties, the relationship between Dunhuang people and Buddhism experienced a process from initial contact, to widespread belief, to the prosperity of belief, to secularization and utilitarianism.During the Han and Jin dynasties, the new Buddhist culture was newly introduced into Dunhuang, and they did not widely believe in Buddhism.During the period of Wuliang, the Dunhuang people realized the ideological and cultural transformation from Confucianism to Confucianism and Buddhism, and they copied the scriptures and Buddhism, and began to believe in Buddhism widely.During the Northern Dynasty, the Buddhist faith of the Dunhuang people developed rapidly. They copied and offered a large number of Buddhist scriptures and participated in the construction of the early grottoes of the Mogao Grottoes, but the number of the Grand Family Grottoes was still relatively small.During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Buddhist faith of the Dunhuang people flourished, and a large number of great family caves were built in the Mogao Grottoes, which set off the climax of the Mogao Grottoes.During the Tubo period, the Dunhuang people believed in Buddhism, and the Buddhist monastery became the refuge place for the Dunhuang people.During the period of Gui Rebellion, the great Dunhuang people, headed by Zhang and Cao, worshipped Buddhism, and all kinds of Buddhist activities were frequent, and the family cave construction flourished, which promoted the new climax of Buddhism development.At the same time, their Buddhist beliefs are more realistic and utilitarian.The Buddhist belief of Dunhuang people experienced the process from religious belief in Han Jin and Northern dynasties to more secularization and utilitarianism in Tang and Song dynasties.The Buddhist beliefs and activities of Dunhuang people also promoted the development of Dunhuang Buddhism.During the Han and Jin dynasties, Dunhuang Buddhism experienced several stages of initial foothold, development, rapid development in Wuliang Northern Dynasty, prosperity and prosperity in Tang and Song dynasties, and reached its climax.Buddhism has completed the process of Sinicization.Dunhuang is the center of the important communication between China and the West. It is because of the belief and support of the Dunhuang people to Buddhism that the Buddhism of Dunhuang has been continuously developed, and Dunhuang has become one of the holy places for the development of Buddhism.During Han and Song dynasties, the track of the ideological and cultural changes of Dunhuang was the process of Confucianism, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and the prosperity of Buddhism.In any case, the thought of Dunhuang people is always dominated by Confucian culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K870.6

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