本文選題：漢代　切入點：物勒工名　出處：《鄭州大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： “物勒工名,以考其誠”,是中國古代國家管理手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的一項重要制度,它以“物”為載體、“名”為媒介確立了生產(chǎn)者、監(jiān)造者以及生產(chǎn)機構之間對產(chǎn)品的質量責任關系。從戰(zhàn)國中期開始,列國普遍在器物上實施刻記制作者名字的勒名制度,為后世所傳承沿用,尤其是在漢代這項制度的實施達到頂峰。 “物勒工名”制度是指將器物制造者、監(jiān)造者、制造機構等的名字刻在器物上,以便政府考察工匠和官員的績效,從而加強國家對手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和產(chǎn)品質量的管理。勒名的方式以刻銘為主,還包括烙印、戳印、漆書、墨書等。考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的漢代器物上的文字,其內(nèi)容大多與“物勒工名”有關,而漢長安城未央宮刻文骨簽的大量出土,又為我們了解漢代的“物勒工名”制度和工官組織提供了不可或缺的寶貴資料。漢代“物勒工名”制度的實施對象主要是官營機構制作的器物,內(nèi)容一般包括制作日期、生產(chǎn)機構、官員名、工匠名、數(shù)量、編號等,基本內(nèi)涵是工官(生產(chǎn)機構)、工官官員、生產(chǎn)工匠。其勒名形式：一是工官(生產(chǎn)機構)+監(jiān)造官員+主造官員+生產(chǎn)工匠；二是工官+官吏名或工官+工匠名；三是僅刻制造機構,工官或亭、市和市府；四是僅刻工匠名。 隨著勒名內(nèi)容的變化,可以看出兩漢時期的“物勒工名”制度大致經(jīng)歷了沿用“秦制”的西漢初年、正式形成的西漢前中期、繁榮穩(wěn)定的西漢中后期至東漢前期以及衰退的東漢中后期等四個演化階段。漢代“物勒工名”制度的演變與官營手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)機構——工官的發(fā)展變化密切相關。工官設立后,“物勒工名”制度逐漸形成,當工官經(jīng)營地位達到頂峰時,“物勒工名”制度也達到繁榮期,當工官機構衰退時,“物勒工名”制度也跟著衰落下去。同時,通過對“物勒工名”的研究,也了解到漢代工官從中央到地方的層次結構和設置布局；工官組織內(nèi)部生產(chǎn)分工合理,責任明確；工官產(chǎn)品的流通途徑主要有商品貿(mào)易、政府調配、供進、賞賜和人員遷徙等。進而,認識到“物勒工名”制度的推行為漢代物質文化的繁榮提供了制度保障。
[Abstract]:It is an important system for the state to manage handicraft production in ancient China. It takes "thing" as the carrier and "name" as the medium to establish the producer. Since the mid-warring States period, the countries have generally implemented the system of engraving the name of the manufacturer on the objects, which has been passed down by later generations. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the implementation of this system reached its peak. The "object name" system refers to the use of the names of manufacturers, supervisors, manufacturing institutions, etc., to be engraved on the objects in order for the government to examine the performance of artisans and officials. Thus strengthening the state's management of handicraft production and the quality of products. The main way of making names is inscriptions, but also include imprints, stamp prints, lacquer books, ink books, etc. The contents of most of the characters on the artifacts of the Han Dynasty that have been discovered by archaeology are related mostly to the name of the object. And a large number of bones were unearthed from the inscriptions of the palace inscriptions in the Han City of Changan. It also provides us with indispensable and valuable information for us to understand the system and the official organizations of workers in the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, the implementation of the system was mainly aimed at the objects made by official organizations, and the contents generally included the date of production. Production organization, official name, craftsman name, quantity, number and so on, the basic connotation is worker official (production organization, worker official official, production craftsman). The second is the name of the official official or the name of the craftsman; the third is the name of the manufacturing institution, the official or pavilion, the city and the city; the fourth is the name of the craftsman. With the change of the content of Le Ming, it can be seen that the system of "Wuller name" in the Han Dynasty generally experienced the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, which followed the "Qin system", and the formal formation of the Western Han Dynasty before and during the middle period. The four evolution stages of the prosperous and stable Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Han Dynasty and the middle and late declining Eastern Han Dynasty are four stages. The evolution of the system of "the name of the workers" in the Han Dynasty is closely related to the development and change of the official handicraft production organization-the workers. After the establishment of the official, the system of "the name of the worker" gradually came into being. When the management status of the workers reached its peak, the system of "property strangling workers' names" also reached a prosperous period, and when the workers' organizations were declining, the "property control workers' names" system also declined. At the same time, through the study of the "property control workers' names", They also learned about the hierarchical structure and layout of the workers from the central to the local level in the Han Dynasty; the rational division of labor and clear responsibilities within the workers' organizations; and the main channels for the circulation of workers' products are commodity trade, government deployment, and supply for development. Furthermore, it is recognized that the implementation of the system of "the name of the worker" provided a system guarantee for the prosperity of the material culture in the Han Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K875

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 劉鐵鳳;;“工”:詞匯語用與民俗[J];考試周刊;2011年76期

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 盧烈炎;漢長安城未央宮出土骨簽初步研究[D];西北大學;2013年

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本文編號：1692727