本文選題：龜茲　切入點(diǎn)：佛寺布局　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：龜茲位于古絲綢之路北道,西連疏勒,東鄰焉耆,隔沙漠與于闐相望,是商人、僧侶往來(lái)中亞和中原的必經(jīng)之路之一。約在公元1世紀(jì),佛教傳入龜茲,并在公元3世紀(jì)中期達(dá)到鼎盛。隨著佛教在龜茲境內(nèi)的發(fā)展,其積極向東傳播,魏晉到隋唐時(shí)期多有龜茲高僧到內(nèi)地進(jìn)行傳法譯經(jīng)活動(dòng)。 本文對(duì)龜茲地區(qū)的佛寺布局進(jìn)行了考古學(xué)研究。按照禮拜中心的不同,龜茲佛寺可分為以塔為中心、塔殿并重和以佛殿為主三種類型；再按照禮拜區(qū)與僧房區(qū)的相互關(guān)系,龜茲佛寺又分為分離式和庭院式兩類。其中以塔為中心型只見于分離式布局,以佛殿為主型則只見于庭院式布局。 通過(guò)與新疆疏勒、焉耆、于闐和中原地區(qū)佛寺布局的比較研究,龜茲佛寺布局可分為3-4世紀(jì)、4-5世紀(jì)、6-9世紀(jì)三個(gè)發(fā)展階段。佛寺的主體建筑從佛塔向佛殿變化,布局則從分離式向庭院式發(fā)展。與新疆其他地區(qū)相比較,疏勒、龜茲和焉耆同屬于龜茲佛教文化圈,但表現(xiàn)在佛寺布局上,疏勒和龜茲的佛寺比較相似,焉耆佛寺布局則顯示出較多的自身特點(diǎn)。平面呈“回”字型的佛殿在疏勒、焉耆、于闐都占有一定的數(shù)量,在龜茲佛寺中數(shù)量卻較少。可見雖然同屬龜茲佛教文化圈,在佛寺布局和建筑形制上三者各有側(cè)重點(diǎn)。與中原地區(qū)相比較,中原早期佛寺布局受龜茲的影響,表現(xiàn)為佛寺布局以佛塔為中心；而晚期中原則影響了龜茲的佛寺布局,這種影響主要表現(xiàn)在龜茲庭院式及對(duì)稱性布局的出現(xiàn)上,這與龜茲長(zhǎng)期同中原保持著密切的交往,唐王朝又大力經(jīng)營(yíng)西域,將安西都護(hù)府設(shè)于龜茲有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Here is located in the ancient Silk Road, west of Shule, east of Yanqi, across the desert and Yutian River, is a businessman, one of the only way which must be passed monks from Central Asia and the Central Plains. Around first Century, the introduction of Buddhism in Kucha, and the mid third Century reached its peak. With the development of Buddhism in Qiuci in China, its positive the East spread of Wei Jin to Sui and Tang Dynasties many monks to the mainland from Qiuci translation activities.
In this paper, the layout of the temple area of Qiuci archaeological research. According to the different centers of worship, Qiuci Buddhist temple can be divided into a tower as the center, and to both tower temple Fodian mainly three types; again according to the relationship between worship area and monk room area, and divided into separate Qiuci Buddhist temple and courtyard two. With the tower as the center type only in separate layout, mainly to Fodian type is found only in the courtyard layout.
The Yanqi and Xinjiang, Shule, a comparative study of Yutian and the Central Plains area layout of the temple, the temple of Qiuci layout can be divided into the 3-4 century, the 4-5 century, the 6-9 century three stages of development. The main building of the Temple Pagoda to change from the Buddha, the arrangement developed from separated into courtyard. Compared with other areas in Xinjiang, Shule, Qiuci and Yanqi belong to the Buddhist culture circle of Qiuci, but the temple layout, Shule and Qiuci Buddhist temple of Yanqi Temple layout is quite similar, showing more of its own characteristics. The plane was "return" - a Buddhist temple in Shule, Yanqi, Yutian occupy a certain number, but the number of Buddhist temples in Kucha less visible. Although belong to Kucha Buddhist culture, Buddhist temple in the layout and architectural form on the three have different emphases. Compared with the Central Plains region, the early Buddhist temple layout by the influence of the Central Plains is Qiuci, Buddhist temple pagoda to layout As the center; and in the late of Qiuci Buddhist temple layout principle, this effect is mainly reflected in the appearance of Qiuci courtyard and symmetry layout, and the long term with the Central Plains Qiuzi has maintained close contacts, the Tang Dynasty and to the management of western region, the Anxi protectorate in Qiuci.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K878.6

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本文編號(hào)：1651554