本文選題：長江中下游　切入點：多間連房　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：從古至今,房屋都是人們生活中必不可少的物質(zhì)條件,房屋的布局方式影響著人們的居住環(huán)境和生活質(zhì)量。通過考古發(fā)掘的地下材料并結(jié)合文獻,我們認為長江中下游地區(qū)的連房發(fā)展脈絡(luò)清晰完整,對后世產(chǎn)生了深遠影響,連房隨著其他文化符號一起向外傳播,影響到了北方仰韶文化地區(qū)和黃河以南的龍山文化區(qū),體現(xiàn)了長江文化對黃河文化的巨大影響。長江中下游地區(qū)多間的連房發(fā)展在順序上大概可分為四個階段:第一階段,距今約10000~6300年以前連房初現(xiàn),長江中下游地區(qū)出土了迄今為止最早的連房基址,上山遺址出土了最早的干欄式方形連房,高廟遺址出土了最早的地面式方形連房。第二階段,距今約6300~5500年,連房得到初步發(fā)展。具體表現(xiàn)在:連房數(shù)量逐步增多,建造技術(shù)得到提高。代表性遺址有大溪文化時期的城頭山遺址、陰湘城遺址、江蘇溧陽神墩遺址等,城頭山遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)了最早的燒磚,這是一大進步。第三階段,距今約5500~5000年,連房在長江流域廣泛發(fā)展,北方仰韶文化地區(qū)亦發(fā)現(xiàn)了多處連房。長江中下游代表性遺址有青龍泉、雕龍碑、應(yīng)城門板灣等,仰韶文化區(qū)代表遺址有八里崗、大河村、大地灣等。這一時期房屋建造技術(shù)的特點有:地面式起建、較多的采用紅燒土砌筑墻體、形狀初步規(guī)則的燒磚逐步流行、奠基常伴隨著祭祀儀式、巧妙利用紅燒土防潮、建筑打樁等。第四階段,石家河文化時期,連房進一步發(fā)展。這一時期的連房,規(guī)模大、分間數(shù)量多、營建技術(shù)高超。特點有:建筑打樁技術(shù)繼續(xù)發(fā)展、房屋建造技術(shù)注重實用性、建筑材料方面發(fā)展快。連房影響到黃河以南的龍山文化區(qū),古城寨、平糧臺、藤花落等遺址均發(fā)現(xiàn)了連房。長江下游的連房經(jīng)歷了從干欄式到地面式的發(fā)展歷程,高廟文化時期連房隨著八角星等文化符號一起外傳,下游的地面式多間建筑可能是長江中游影響的結(jié)果。長江上游早期未發(fā)現(xiàn)連房基址,到寶墩文化時得到普及,亦可能是長江中游地區(qū)傳播過去的。不管是長江中下游地區(qū)還是黃河流域都出現(xiàn)了在當時較為先進的建筑,多間連房這種布局方式對北方仰韶文化地區(qū)和黃河以南龍山文化地區(qū)的影響,體現(xiàn)了長江文化對黃河文化的巨大影響。
[Abstract]:From ancient times to the present, houses are essential material conditions in people's lives. The layout of houses affects people's living environment and quality of life. We believe that the development of condominiums in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is clear and complete, which has had a profound impact on later generations. It has spread out along with other cultural symbols and affected the Yangshao cultural region in the north and the Longshan cultural area south of the Yellow River. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there are probably four stages in the development of condominiums: the first stage, about 10,000 years ago to the beginning of 6300, is the first stage of the development of condominiums in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which has a great impact on the culture of the Yellow River. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the earliest base sites of connected houses have been unearthed so far, the earliest square contiguous houses of the dry column type have been unearthed from the upper mountain sites, and the earliest ground-type square contiguous houses have been unearthed at the Gaomiao site. The second stage, about 6300-#date0#, has been unearthed. The initial development of contiguous houses is manifested in the following aspects: the number of contiguous houses is gradually increasing, and the construction technology has been improved. The representative sites include the Chengtou Mountain site in the period of Tahsi Culture, the Yin-Xiang City site, the Liyang Shendun site in Jiangsu Province, and so on. In the third stage, from about 5500 to 5000, Lianfang was widely developed in the Yangtze River Basin, and many connected houses were also found in the Yangshao culture area in the north. The representative sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River include Qinglong Quan. Diaolong tablet, Yingcheng Gate Banwan, Yangshao Cultural area, representative sites of Baligang, Da he Village, Dadi Wan, etc. During this period, the characteristics of the building construction technology are: ground type construction, more use of red clay masonry wall, Bricks with initial rules of shape gradually became popular, with foundation laying often accompanied by sacrificial ceremonies, clever use of burnt soil to prevent dampness, construction piling, and so on. 4th stage, Shijiahe culture period, further development of housing connection. In this period, the scale of condominiums was large. The characteristics are: the construction piling technology continues to develop, the building construction technology pays attention to practicability, and the building materials develop rapidly. The connecting houses affect the Longshan cultural area, the ancient city stockades, and the level grain platform south of the Yellow River. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the contiguous houses experienced the development from the dry hurdle type to the ground type. During the period of Gaomiao culture, the contiguous houses were passed out with the octagonal stars and other cultural symbols. Many buildings in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River may be the result of the impact of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In the early stages of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the site of connected houses was not found, and when the culture of Baodun was popularized, It may also have been spread in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Both in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in the Yellow River basin, more advanced buildings appeared at that time. The influence of this arrangement on the Yangshao culture area in the north and the Longshan cultural area south of the Yellow River reflects the great influence of the Yangtze River culture on the Yellow River culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K878

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