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  本文選題：黃河流域　切入點：仰韶晚期—龍山時代　出處：《吉林大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：黃河流域是中國古代文明的重要發(fā)源地,早在新石器時代古代先民就創(chuàng)造出了燦爛的古代文化。陶窯作為一種文化遺存,不僅體現(xiàn)著古代先進的手工業(yè)技術,還承載著大量的重要社會信息。本文試圖采用與以往不同的分析角度對黃河流域的仰韶時代晚期—龍山時代陶窯進行分析,得出一些新認識。文章分成以下幾部分: 前言,對過去已往學者的研究進行回顧和分析,提出本文的分析角度。并且從學者對陶窯各部位名稱的差異入手,規(guī)范各部位的稱謂,避免給研究帶來不必要的混亂和麻煩,將陶窯作一名稱圖說。 第一部分、仰韶時代晚期—龍山時代陶窯考古文化分區(qū)與陶窯型式劃分 本文依據(jù)黃河流域的自然走勢,將黃河流域分成甘青地區(qū)、河套地區(qū)、中原地區(qū)和山東地區(qū)四大研究區(qū)。對諸考古學文化發(fā)現(xiàn)的陶窯進行型式劃分,按陶窯窯室平面形狀的不同,劃分為型:A型,平面呈圓形;B型,平面呈橢圓形;C型,平面呈梯形........根據(jù)火道平面形狀的不同,再劃分為亞型:A型,火道平面呈環(huán)形;B型,火道平面呈“北”字形;C型,火道平面呈“非”字形.........最后依據(jù)陶窯細部差異進一步作式的劃分。按區(qū)域由仰韶時代晚期到龍山時代由早及晚對駐諸考古學文化的陶窯進行型式分析。 第二部分、仰韶時代晚期—龍山時代陶窯演變考察 依前文陶窯的分型定式集中對仰韶時代晚期和龍山時代的陶窯進行縱向比較,試圖窺視出黃河流域陶窯從仰韶時代晚期到龍山時代的演變軌跡。對陶窯的結構部位進行縱向比較分析,得出仰韶時代晚期和龍山時代兩大時期的陶窯結構差異。通過分析,黃河流域的陶窯從仰韶時代晚期到龍山時代變化明顯。文章有重點的考察了這兩大時期不同地區(qū)不同文化陶窯火力輸送系統(tǒng),可以看到這兩大時期的陶窯火道形式甚為豐富。初步總結出,黃河流域仰韶時代晚期的陶窯主要流行直向形和環(huán)形結合的火道形式,而龍山時代則主要流行主火道和分火道結合的火道形式。 第三部分、陶窯結構剖析與特征總結 文章將黃河流域陶窯的各部位解剖開來,逐一分析其結構形式。按陶窯從上至下、由前及后,將陶窯分成窯室、窯門、窯箅、火道、火口和火膛等六個部分分析其建造技術、平面形式和結構構造。從仰韶時代晚期到龍山時代陶窯的各部位變化都是十分明顯的。窯室容積增大、平面形式更加豐富;窯箅的大量使用;火眼的增多和均勻分布;火口的上下結構到前后結構的轉(zhuǎn)變.......本文注意到火道的敏感變化,對仰韶時代晚期和龍山時代的陶窯火力輸送系統(tǒng)的特征歸結為三大火力系統(tǒng):直向加環(huán)形火道組合系統(tǒng)、平行火道組合系統(tǒng)和主火道和分火道組合系統(tǒng)。仰韶時代晚期主要存在直向加環(huán)形火道組合系統(tǒng)和平行火道組合系統(tǒng),到了龍山時代則轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐灾骰鸬篮头只鸬澜M合系統(tǒng)為主。 第四部分、相關問題探討 結合仰韶時代晚期陶窯同仰韶時代中期陶窯作縱向考察,分析陶窯結構的異同,對陶窯這一遺存現(xiàn)象追本溯源。通過對比,得出仰韶時代中期的陶窯主要流行的是環(huán)形火道組合系統(tǒng)。進一步的仰韶時代中、晚期與龍山時代陶窯的橫向考察和縱向分析,提出仰韶時代中期陶窯均為環(huán)形火道系統(tǒng),主要集中發(fā)現(xiàn)于甘肅省東南部分地區(qū),陜西省西部、中部地區(qū)。仰韶時代晚期的陶窯新出現(xiàn)直向加環(huán)形火道系統(tǒng)和平行火道系統(tǒng),也極少的出現(xiàn)主火道和分火道組合系統(tǒng)。直向加環(huán)向火道系統(tǒng)和平行火道系統(tǒng)分布于甘肅省東南部、陜西省西部和中部地區(qū)。較少的主火道和分火道組合系統(tǒng)分布在河南省中北部、河北省南端和山西省中部部分地區(qū)。龍山時代的陶窯取而代之的是以主火道和分火道組合系統(tǒng)為主、平行火道系統(tǒng)其次的火力輸送形式。主火道和分火道組合系統(tǒng)在龍山時代已遍布黃河流域,平行火道系統(tǒng)僅少見于陜西和山西交界地帶。最后,由陶窯這一遺存對陶窯生產(chǎn)的專業(yè)化、筑窯工具、煉銅和石灰窯產(chǎn)生以及宗教祭祀等相關問題做一分析。 第五部分、結語
[Abstract]:The Yellow River basin is an important birthplace of the ancient civilization Chinese, early in the Neolithic age ancient ancestors created splendid ancient pottery kiln culture. As a kind of cultural heritage, not only embodies the ancient advanced handicraft technology, also carrying a large number of important social information. This paper tries to use in the the Yellow River basin Yangshao period from the late Longshan pottery kiln analysis angle different from the past, some new knowledge is obtained. This paper is divided into the following sections:
Preface, a review and analysis of past scholars' research is made, and the analysis angle of this paper is put forward. From the perspective of scholars' differences in the names of different parts of pottery kiln, the names of different parts are standardized, so as to avoid unnecessary confusion and trouble for research.
The first part, the archeological division of the pottery kiln and the type of pottery kiln in the late Yangshao period Longshan epoch
According to the natural trend of the Yellow River basin, the the Yellow River basin is divided into Gansu area, Hetao area, the Central Plains area and Shandong area four research area. The pottery kiln found on archaeological cultures of different types, according to the plane shape of pottery kiln chamber is divided into different types: type A, type B flat circular; flat, oval; type C, trapezoidal plane........ according to fire planar shapes, and then divided into subtypes: type A, fire plane annular; B type fire plane was "North" font; C type, fire channel plane was "non shaped...... most... According to Tao differences in detail further type division. According to the region by the late Yangshao period to the Longshan period from early and late of Tao in archaeological cultures of pattern analysis.
The second part, the evolution of pottery kiln in the late Yangshao period Longshan Era
According to the above fixed type pottery kiln on the pottery kiln Yangshao and Longshan period of longitudinal comparison, trying to peep out the Yellow River basin from Yangshao pottery kiln to the evolution of the Longshan period. Longitudinal comparative analysis of parts of the structure of the Yangshao pottery kiln, when generation of advanced and the two period of the Longshan period kiln structure differences. Through the analysis of pottery kiln in the Yellow River basin from late Yangshao period to the Longshan period changes. The thesis explores the two periods in different regions and different culture pottery kiln fire delivery system can be seen in the two period of the Tao Yaohuo form is very abundant. It summarized the pottery kiln, the main epidemic in the Yellow River basin during the late period of the straight shape and ring of fire, and fire is mainly popular Longshan road and the main road with fire fire form.
The third part, the structure analysis and Characteristics Summary of the pottery kiln
The various parts of the Yellow River basin Tao dissected, analyze its structure. According to the Tao from top to bottom, from before and after the pottery kiln into the kiln, kiln, kiln grate, fire, and fire chamber burner six parts analyses the construction technology, graphic form and structure structure. From the late Yangshao period change parts to Longshan pottery kiln are very obvious. The kiln chamber volume increases, the plane form is more abundant; extensive use of kiln grate; increasing and uniform distribution of fire; on the burner structure to the structure before and after transformation. This article pays attention to...... is sensitive to the change of the fire channel the characteristics of fire down Tao Yangshao and Longshan era delivery system into three major fire system: vertical combination system with annular flue, flue parallel combination system and the main fire and fire road combined system. During the late period are straight to the fire ring The combination system of road combination and parallel fire channel is transformed into the main fire channel and the fire channel combination system in the Longshan era.
The fourth part, the discussion of related problems
With longitudinal study of Yangshao pottery kiln with mid Yangshao pottery kiln, kiln structure analysis of the similarities and differences of the trace to the source of this phenomenon remains Tao. By contrast, the pottery kiln middle Yangshao period the main epidemic is a combination system of ring road. The fire further Yangshao era, the transverse and longitudinal analysis of advanced study with the Tao Longshan period, put forward the middle Yangshao period pottery Yaojun system ring fire channels, mainly found in the southeast part of Gansu Province, Shaanxi Province in central western region. During the late period, Tao Yaoxin straight to the ring road system and parallel with the fire fire system, rarely appear the main fire channel and the fire channel combination system. Straight to the ring road and fire system and parallel flue system is located in the southeast of Gansu Province, Shaanxi Province, central and western regions. The main fire channel and less fire road system distribution in the river North south province, Hebei province and Shanxi Province, the southern tip of the central part of the region. It is the Tao of Longshan road to the main fire and fire system, parallel fire fire road transportation system. Secondly the main fire channel and fire channel combination system has spread all over the the Yellow River River Basin during the time, parallel system the road is rare in the Shaanxi fire and Shanxi border. Finally, by the remains of pottery kiln kiln production specialization, building kiln tools, copper smelting and lime kiln production as well as the religious worship and other related issues to do an analysis.
The fifth part, the conclusion

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K872

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 閻飛;中原古代陶瓷窯爐實驗考古研究[D];鄭州大學;2012年

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 劉銳;黃河中下游地區(qū)周代陶窯研究[D];西北大學;2013年

2 許璐;深圳咸頭嶺遺址出土白陶的科技研究[D];景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷學院;2013年

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本文編號：1577189