發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-28 17:21

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 初說(shuō)法 古印度 法輪 佛傳故事　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】："初說(shuō)法"是佛陀生平事跡中的一個(gè)組成部分,對(duì)于整個(gè)佛教而言,"初說(shuō)法"的發(fā)生代表著佛、法、僧三者的聯(lián)結(jié),三寶俱足,佛教成為宗教的開(kāi)始。"初說(shuō)法"的故事通俗且具有重要意義,從古印度至中亞、南亞,乃至整個(gè)佛教藝術(shù)中都有表現(xiàn)。本篇論文圍繞以"初說(shuō)法"佛傳故事的文本與圖像為主要內(nèi)容,并對(duì)相關(guān)圖像中變化的各個(gè)要素如聞法聽(tīng)眾、說(shuō)法印與釋迦"初說(shuō)法"到"說(shuō)法"主尊變化的問(wèn)題詳細(xì)探討。結(jié)合兩次實(shí)地考察印度與多次考察國(guó)內(nèi)各大石窟獲得了大量的一手資料,同時(shí)對(duì)比國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果,力圖建構(gòu)"初說(shuō)法"題材的造像系統(tǒng)。首先,梳理各種佛典經(jīng)本中"初說(shuō)法"故事,并對(duì)故事所涉及的人物如梵天、五比丘、外道以及重要的組成部分鹿野苑、輪寶、"法"等展開(kāi)討論,分析經(jīng)本之間的差異性與圖像藝術(shù)間的互文性,同時(shí)確立"初說(shuō)法"圖像的主要構(gòu)成要素,且對(duì)各經(jīng)典中的"初說(shuō)法"故事的記載與"五比丘"的確切姓名有所探討。其次,詳細(xì)討論中印相關(guān)美術(shù)遺存的"初說(shuō)法"圖像。"初說(shuō)法"圖像主要分為無(wú)佛像時(shí)期象征物時(shí)代與佛陀形象出現(xiàn)以后的貴霜、笈多時(shí)期及以后的相關(guān)造像。早期雕刻雖未出現(xiàn)佛陀形象,但以法輪或者法輪柱的圖案來(lái)代替。主要包括桑奇三塔、巴爾胡特佛塔、阿瑪拉瓦蒂藝術(shù)流派的藝術(shù)作品與早期石窟寺的雕刻,以及較新的考古材料康納岡娜哈里(Kanganhallii)佛教遺址中的有關(guān)圖像;佛陀的人形形象出現(xiàn)以后,本文主要梳理犍陀羅藝術(shù)、秣菟羅藝術(shù)、阿瑪拉瓦蒂藝術(shù)、后期石窟寺藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)"五比丘會(huì)見(jiàn)"、"鹿野苑說(shuō)法"等主題的圖像脈絡(luò)。并分析討論中國(guó)的"初說(shuō)法"圖像,涉及各大佛教石窟、造像碑等。再次,通過(guò)佛教藝術(shù)造像"初說(shuō)法"圖像中的法輪、雙鹿的形式、侍從人物配置與主尊手印的變化,從而探討相關(guān)主尊的身份、造像意圖等問(wèn)題并將此圖像主題背后的佛教思想的變化進(jìn)行解讀。探討初說(shuō)法"的圖像中聞法聽(tīng)眾從早期的禮拜者發(fā)展到比丘,再到脅侍菩薩的出現(xiàn),手勢(shì)從最開(kāi)始遵從經(jīng)本的"觸摸法輪"到無(wú)畏印、說(shuō)法印的變化。同時(shí)比較分析犍陀羅式說(shuō)法印與薩爾那特樣式說(shuō)法印的特點(diǎn)、說(shuō)法手印的樣式演變,整體對(duì)說(shuō)法印的產(chǎn)生進(jìn)行梳理。中國(guó)的"初說(shuō)法"圖像則從新疆云岡石窟中早期的盛大場(chǎng)景到敦煌晚唐五代宋的法華經(jīng)變中的簡(jiǎn)單的附屬,已經(jīng)不是傳統(tǒng)意義的度五比丘,宣傳法理的意義,而是展現(xiàn)了佛教中的小乘"羅漢果位"到大乘思想"上證菩提"轉(zhuǎn)變。最后,通過(guò)東西往來(lái)的求法僧與使者的文獻(xiàn)記載,以及相關(guān)的東南亞流傳"初說(shuō)法"像與中巴邊境的"初說(shuō)法"巖畫(huà)等圖像,力圖探尋中印佛教之間的傳播路線。同時(shí),對(duì)鹿野苑瑞像圖與鹿野苑初說(shuō)法之間的差異進(jìn)行分析。
[Abstract]:The "initial statement" is an integral part of the life story of the Buddha. For the whole of Buddhism, the occurrence of the "initial saying" represents the link among the Buddha, the Dharma and the monk, and the three treasures are all sufficient. Buddhism became the beginning of religion. The story of "the first story" is popular and significant, from ancient India to Central Asia, South Asia, This paper focuses on the texts and images of the stories of the "initial stories", and focuses on the changing elements of the related images, such as listening to the Dharma listeners. The issue of the change of the theme between the original version of Sakya and the original version of Sakya has been discussed in detail. In combination with two field visits to India and several visits to various major caves in the country, a large amount of first-hand information has been obtained, while the relevant research results at home and abroad have been compared. First of all, to sort out the stories of the original stories in various Buddhist scriptures, and to analyze the characters involved in the stories, such as Brahma, five bhikkhus, the outer Tao, and the important part of Luye Garden. In this paper, the author discusses the differences between the original text and the intertextuality of the image art, and establishes the main elements of the "initial explanation" image. It also discusses the record of the story of "initial explanation" and the exact name of "five bhikchu" in each classic. Secondly, Discuss in detail the "initial statement" image of the art remains of China and India. The "initial statement" image is mainly divided into the era of symbol in the period without Buddha and the precious frost after the appearance of the image of Buddha. Gupta period and later related statues. Although there was no Buddha image in the early sculptures, they were replaced by the patterns of Falun or Falun columns. They mainly included the Sanchez Pagoda, the Balhut Pagoda, The works of art of the Amarawati school of art and the carving of the early grotto temple, as well as the related images in the relatively new archaeological material, Kanganhallii) Buddhist ruins; after the appearance of the figure image of the Buddha, this article mainly combs Gandhara art. Haythula art, Amarawati art, later grotto temple art performance "five bhikhu meeting", "Luye Yuan theory" and other themes of the image context. And analysis of the discussion of China's "initial story" images, involving the major Buddhist grottoes, Again, through the changes in the Falun, Shuanglu's form, the configuration of the attendants and the handprints of the Master, the identity of the related Master is discussed through the Buddhist artistic statue of the "initial statement" image of Falun, the form of the Shuanglu, and the changes in the figure configuration of the attendant and the handprint of the Master. Interpreting the changes in Buddhist thought behind the theme of this image. The discussion of the original saying in the image of the listener from the early worshipers to the bhikkhu, then to the emergence of the Bodhisattva. The gesture changes from "touching the Falun" to "fearless Seal". At the same time, it makes a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the Gandhara and Sarnat style, and the evolution of the style of the handprint. From the grand scene in the early stage of Yungang Grottoes in Xinjiang to the simple attachment to the changes in the Fa Hua Classic of the late Tang and the five Song dynasties in Dunhuang, it is no longer the traditional sense of the five bhikkhs. The significance of propagandizing the doctrine of law is that it shows the transformation of the Mahayana's thought of "Luohanguo" to the Mahayana thought of "Shangqian Bodhi". Finally, the literature records of Buddhist monks and messengers who seek the dharma and emissary through the exchange of things and things. And related images such as the "initial statement" and the "initial statement" rock painting along the border between China and Pakistan are circulated in Southeast Asia in an attempt to explore the communication route between the Buddhism of China and India. At the same time, the differences between the figure of Luye Garden and the original version of Luye Garden are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B949;K86
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本文編號(hào)：1548256