本文關(guān)鍵詞： 遼墓 形制 類型 分期　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：幾十年來(lái)沈陽(yáng)市區(qū)清理了大批遼代墓葬，其出土遺物豐富，并發(fā)現(xiàn)有具明確紀(jì)年的遼墓，為遼代考古研究積累了豐富資料。本文在以往考古發(fā)現(xiàn)與前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，把近年來(lái)沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)配合基本建設(shè)發(fā)掘的遼代墓葬材料進(jìn)行爬梳，并將幾十年來(lái)已發(fā)表的遼墓材料進(jìn)行整理，對(duì)沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)遼代墓葬的分區(qū)、類型、年代等問題進(jìn)行初步的研究。 現(xiàn)今沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)包括市區(qū)以及下轄的各郊區(qū)、縣（市），總面積約1.3萬(wàn)平方公里。從公元10世紀(jì)開始，，這一地區(qū)全部被納入遼朝版圖。眾多遼墓的發(fā)現(xiàn)與發(fā)掘?qū)τ谏蜿?yáng)地區(qū)遼墓的綜合性研究創(chuàng)造了條件，本篇論文就是在收集整理沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)遼墓資料的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)遼墓的區(qū)域劃分、年代斷定、制度等級(jí)以及出土文物等方面進(jìn)行初步探討。 遼河下游將沈陽(yáng)全境一分為二。以遼河為界，不難看出下遼河?xùn)|西部地區(qū)遼墓總體上呈現(xiàn)出不同的面貌特征。西區(qū)的地理范圍包括康平、法庫(kù)、新民等地；東區(qū)墓葬則在沈陽(yáng)市區(qū)中多有發(fā)現(xiàn)。 根據(jù)墓葬建筑材料的種類，以及形制結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，大體可以劃分為類屋式墓、類槨式墓兩大類，兩大類中又根據(jù)正室、耳室的形狀與多寡分為幾個(gè)亞型。葬具葬式方面，在西區(qū)中見有夫婦合葬墓，方向多為東西向；東區(qū)中比較特殊的是出現(xiàn)火葬墓。出土遺物方面，瓷器經(jīng)過(guò)隋唐大發(fā)展，技工窯藝更趨完善成熟；從器形演變來(lái)看，契丹族既保存了民族特點(diǎn)，又可以看出吸收漢族文化的特性；裝飾品中不乏精品，冠飾、項(xiàng)飾、手鐲等大放異彩；兵器馬具作為契丹民族日常生活中不可缺少的一部分，在制作方面也極為講究，出土的馬具、車馬裝飾品充分體現(xiàn)了契丹人“尚武愛馬”的民族性格；墓葬中出土的銅鏡、鐵器等生產(chǎn)生活用具，不僅讓我們看到了遼代冶礦業(yè)的發(fā)達(dá)，同時(shí)也讓我們看到了契丹族的獨(dú)特風(fēng)格與漢族傳統(tǒng)工藝的完美結(jié)合。 在關(guān)于沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)遼墓的思考中，本人提出幾個(gè)觀點(diǎn)： 關(guān)于等級(jí)劃分。從規(guī)模和隨葬品情況判斷，主墓室的大小，往往與墓葬的整體規(guī)模、形制等相對(duì)應(yīng)，也是衡量墓葬等級(jí)的重要依據(jù)。本文將沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)遼墓劃分為六個(gè)等級(jí)。 關(guān)于分布特征。西區(qū)與整個(gè)遼西地區(qū)的總體面貌特征基本一致，體現(xiàn)了契丹式墓葬的文化內(nèi)涵；東區(qū)漢式墓的特征明顯區(qū)別于西區(qū)，體現(xiàn)了漢式墓葬的文化內(nèi)涵。 關(guān)于發(fā)展演變。當(dāng)時(shí)遼寧地區(qū)可以說(shuō)是北方兩大遼墓區(qū)的交匯地。從部分墓葬來(lái)看，也體現(xiàn)了沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)墓葬的擴(kuò)散過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:In the past decades, a large number of tombs of Liao Dynasty have been cleared up in Shenyang urban area, and abundant relics have been unearthed, and the Liao tombs with definite chronology have been found, which have accumulated rich data for the archaeological research of Liao Dynasty. This paper is based on the previous archaeological discoveries and previous studies. The graveyard materials of Liao Dynasty which were excavated in Shenyang in recent years with capital construction were combed, and the published materials of Liao Dynasty tomb in recent decades were sorted out, and the partition, type and age of Liao Dynasty tombs in Shenyang area were studied preliminarily. Today's Shenyang area includes the urban area and the suburbs under its jurisdiction. The county (city) covers a total area of about 13,000 square kilometers. Since 10th century, The discovery and excavation of many Liao tombs have created conditions for the comprehensive study of Liao tombs in Shenyang. This paper is based on the collection and collation of Liao tombs in Shenyang. This paper makes a preliminary discussion on the division of Liao tombs in Shenyang area, the determination of age, the grade of system and the cultural relics unearthed. The lower reaches of Liaohe divide the whole territory of Shenyang into two parts. Taking Liaohe River as the boundary, it is not difficult to see that the Liao Tombs in the east and west of the Lower Liaohe River have different features in general. The geographical scope of the Western region includes Kangping, Faku, Xinmin and so on. Eastern tombs are found in Shenyang. According to the types of materials used in the construction of tombs and the different shapes and structures, they can be divided into two categories: the house type tombs, the outer coffin type tombs, and the shape and number of ear chambers in the two kinds of tombs can be divided into several subtypes. In the western region, there are couples buried together, mostly in the direction of east-west; in the eastern part of the region, a cremation tomb appears in a special way. In terms of unearthed relics, after the great development of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the workmanship of the workmanship became more mature and matured; from the perspective of the evolution of the shape of the apparatus, The Qidan people have not only preserved their national characteristics, but also seen the characteristics of absorbing Han culture; there are many fine ornaments, crowns, necklaces, bracelets, etc.; weapons and horses are an indispensable part of the daily life of the Qidan people. In terms of production, the horses and horses unearthed fully reflected the Qidan people's national character of "martial arts and loving horses"; the bronze mirrors and iron articles unearthed in the tombs were used in production and living appliances. Not only did we see the development of mining industry in Liao Dynasty, but also the unique style of Qidan nationality and the perfect combination of Han traditional craftsmanship. In the thinking of Liao Tomb in Shenyang area, I put forward several viewpoints:. Judging from the scale and the condition of the burial objects, the size of the main tomb often corresponds to the overall size and shape of the tomb, which is also an important basis for evaluating the graveyard grade. In this paper, the Liao tombs in Shenyang area are divided into six grades. As to the distribution characteristics, the overall features of the western region and the whole western Liaoning region are basically the same, which reflects the cultural connotation of Qidan-style tombs; the Eastern region is obviously different from the western region of the characteristics of Han tombs, reflecting the cultural connotation of Han type tombs. At that time, Liaoning was the intersection of the two major Liao tombs in the north. From the point of view of some tombs, it also reflected the spreading process of the tombs in Shenyang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K878.8

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