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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于三角網(wǎng)格模型的文物幾何信息計算　出處：《北京建筑工程學(xué)院》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 文物保護(hù) 網(wǎng)格模型 幾何信息 可視化量算

【摘要】：古文物是一個國家和民族在一個特定時期的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的體現(xiàn)，然而由于自然環(huán)境和人類的活動影響，許多歷史文物正逐漸遭受破壞或消失。利用新技術(shù)手段進(jìn)行文物原貌永久保留、文物修復(fù)等工作已經(jīng)成為全球性熱點研究問題。由于數(shù)據(jù)獲取設(shè)備和計算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，為文物的保護(hù)工作開創(chuàng)了一個全新的局面。文物的保護(hù)工作也有了全新的進(jìn)展，文物保護(hù)工作不僅要實現(xiàn)文物原貌三維信息永久保留，并將三維場景虛擬展示在人們面前，更要為文物的修復(fù)提供科學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)。 一些文物結(jié)構(gòu)非常復(fù)雜，，表面呈不規(guī)則形狀，傳統(tǒng)測量方法無法得到全面而詳細(xì)的文物三維幾何信息，而且自動化程度不高，在快速獲得高精度的文物表面數(shù)據(jù)方面顯得不足。近年來不斷發(fā)展和成熟的三維激光掃描技術(shù)，給文物保護(hù)工作提供了新的研究思路。通過三維掃描手段，獲得文物幾何和紋理等信息數(shù)據(jù)，再通過成熟的數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件，重構(gòu)文物三維模型。在文物修復(fù)中經(jīng)常需要估算修復(fù)材料的用量，以文物三維模型為基礎(chǔ)，通過計算不規(guī)則表面文物模型的體積、表面積以及缺損面積，為文物的修復(fù)提供重要的數(shù)據(jù)支持。為了能對文物模型的輪廓特征直觀詳細(xì)地了解，可用平面對文物模型剖切，提取剖面輪廓線，剖面輪廓線能夠為文物研究者分析文物的輪廓特征提供依據(jù)。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容有： 1.根據(jù)三角網(wǎng)格中邊界邊的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行邊界的提取，為了區(qū)分孔洞邊界和非封閉模型的外邊界，給出通過判斷法向量方向來區(qū)分這兩類邊界的方法，實現(xiàn)了三維孔洞面積的計算。 2.改進(jìn)了利用有符號四面體體積法計算網(wǎng)格模型的體積的算法，實現(xiàn)了不規(guī)則表面文物模型的體積的精確計算。實現(xiàn)了模型的表面積計算。 3.提取模型的剖面輪廓線。對模型的剖切算法進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，預(yù)先將三角形在剖切方向上分組，判斷剖切平面和模型中的三角形的位置關(guān)系，計算交點，并將交線按拓?fù)潢P(guān)系進(jìn)行排序等，從而提取封閉的剖面輪廓線。 4.開發(fā)了三維模型可視化量算系統(tǒng)。利用OpenGL的拾取模式，用鼠標(biāo)在模型上任選感興趣區(qū)域，計算選定區(qū)域的面積，查詢模型上任意點的三維坐標(biāo)，計算模型上任意兩點之間的距離。從而實現(xiàn)三維信息的提取。 在三維模型的基礎(chǔ)上，計算文物三維幾何信息的方式，可以間接而且無損的獲取文物模型的孔洞邊界、體積、面積、剖面特征等幾何信息，以及直接在模型上選定區(qū)域并計算被選定區(qū)域的面積，查詢?nèi)我恻c的坐標(biāo)信息等，這些重要的幾何信息數(shù)據(jù)，能夠為文物的修復(fù)提供科學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Ancient cultural relics are the embodiment of politics, economy and culture of a country and nation in a specific period, however, due to the influence of natural environment and human activities. Many historical relics are gradually being destroyed or disappearing. The use of new technology means the permanent preservation of the original appearance of cultural relics. The restoration of cultural relics has become a global hot research issue due to the development of data acquisition equipment and computer technology. For the protection of cultural relics to create a new situation. The protection of cultural relics has also made a new progress, cultural relics protection work not only to achieve the preservation of three-dimensional information on the original appearance of cultural relics. And the three-dimensional scene virtual display in front of people, but also for the restoration of cultural relics to provide scientific data. Some cultural relic structures are very complex, the surface is irregular, the traditional measurement method can not get comprehensive and detailed three-dimensional geometric information of cultural relics, and the degree of automation is not high. In recent years, the continuous development and mature three-dimensional laser scanning technology, for the protection of cultural relics to provide a new way of thinking, through three-dimensional scanning means. Through the mature data processing software, the 3D model of cultural relic is reconstructed. It is often necessary to estimate the amount of restoration material in the restoration of cultural relic, which is based on the 3D model of cultural relic. By calculating the volume, surface area and defect area of the irregular surface cultural relic model, this paper provides important data support for the restoration of the cultural relic, in order to understand the contour features of the cultural relic model in detail and intuitively. The cultural relic model can be cut by plane, and the profile line can be extracted, which can provide the basis for cultural relic researchers to analyze the contour characteristics of cultural relics. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. According to the properties of boundary edges in triangular meshes, in order to distinguish the boundary between the hole boundary and the outer boundary of the unclosed model, a method to distinguish the two kinds of boundaries by judging the normal vector direction is presented. The calculation of three-dimensional hole area is realized. 2. An improved algorithm for calculating the volume of the grid model by means of the signed tetrahedron volume method is presented, which realizes the accurate calculation of the volume of the model of irregular surface relics and the calculation of the surface area of the model. 3. Extract the profile of the model, improve the algorithm of the model, group the triangles in the cutting direction in advance, judge the position relation between the cutting plane and the triangle in the model, and calculate the intersection point. The intersection line is sorted according to topological relation, and the closed profile is extracted. 4. The visualization calculation system of 3D model is developed. The area of selected area is calculated by using the picking mode of OpenGL and using the mouse to select the region of interest on the model. The 3D coordinates of any point on the model are queried and the distance between any two points on the model is calculated. On the basis of 3D model, the method of calculating 3D geometric information of cultural relic can obtain the geometric information of hole boundary, volume, area, profile and so on indirectly and unscathed. The important geometric information data can provide scientific data for the restoration of cultural relics, such as selecting the region directly on the model, calculating the area of the selected area, querying the coordinate information of any point, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K87;TP391.41

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