本文關(guān)鍵詞：汶泗河流域商和西周青銅器研究　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：汶泗河流域包括魯中和魯南大部分地區(qū),是山東地區(qū)較早的古文明發(fā)現(xiàn)地。考古發(fā)現(xiàn)證明,流域內(nèi)北辛文化—大汶口文化—龍山文化—岳石文化—商周文化依次傳承。該流域向東隔泰沂山區(qū)進(jìn)入夷人控制范圍；向西地勢平坦,直接與中原王朝相連；依靠泗水連通的“四瀆”,溝通了江浙地區(qū)和魯北地區(qū),形成了一個(gè)文化交融之地。殷墟卜辭中有記載商王征人方事件,《春秋》、《左傳》、《逸周書》等早期文獻(xiàn)多有記載周公、成王對汶泗河流域內(nèi)方國的征討,中原文化和東夷文化在此地激烈地碰撞。汶泗河流域青銅器與中原地區(qū)青銅器相似的同時(shí)也保留了自己的特點(diǎn),構(gòu)筑汶泗河流域商周時(shí)期青銅器演變框架顯得尤為重要。 本文首先對汶泗河流域建國以后商和西周青銅器資料進(jìn)行全面地搜集,并進(jìn)行類型學(xué)分析和分期斷代,建立起區(qū)內(nèi)各種青銅器的演化序列。對流域內(nèi)所出現(xiàn)的族屬、國別進(jìn)行探討,并對青銅器所反映的一些相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行研究。 全文共分為七部分： 第一章,緒論。介紹汶泗河流域自然地理環(huán)境與歷史沿革,確定研究的時(shí)空范圍。對本地區(qū)商和西周青銅器研究現(xiàn)狀以及本文的研究目的、方法等方面進(jìn)行簡述。 第二章,汶泗河流域青銅器的類型分析。流域內(nèi)出土的商和西周時(shí)期青銅器按其用途分為食器、酒器、水器、樂器、兵器五類,并對每一類中的各個(gè)器型逐一進(jìn)行類型學(xué)分析,總結(jié)每一個(gè)器型的演變規(guī)律,以了解流域內(nèi)青銅器發(fā)展演變。 第三章,汶泗河流域青銅器的分期與年代。在類型學(xué)分析的基礎(chǔ)上把青銅器分為五期十段。一期為一、二段,相當(dāng)于中商時(shí)期；二期為三段,相當(dāng)于殷墟三期；三期為四、五、六段,相當(dāng)于殷墟四期到西周早期；四期為七段,相當(dāng)于西周中期偏早；五期為八、九、十段,相當(dāng)于西周中期偏晚到西周晚期。 第四章,汶泗河流域青銅器的組合研究。本章對各時(shí)期青銅器的組合形式進(jìn)行分析研究。與同時(shí)期商周青銅器組合進(jìn)行對比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)商到西周早期時(shí),本地以商式器物組合為主,西周中期之后以姬周組合方式為主,也有本地組合特點(diǎn)。對流域內(nèi)族屬間器物組合進(jìn)行對比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)族屬間青銅器組合存在差異。 第五章,汶泗河流域青銅器銘文及其族屬、國別探討。汶泗流域內(nèi)所見到的族屬有史族、鳥族、子族、佷族、馘族、戈族、(?)族、舉族、未族、(?)族、施氏、虺族、(?)族、爻族、眉族、月族、目夷族、熊族、索族、(?)族、寧族,并簡述存在于此的可能性。經(jīng)過分析筆者認(rèn)為,史族、鳥族、目夷族和熊族應(yīng)為本地族屬；子族、馘族、戈族、爻族、眉族、索族、(?)族、寧族和施氏應(yīng)是外來族屬；佷族、舉族、未族、(?)族和(?)族器物不涉及族屬遷移,其器物的出現(xiàn)應(yīng)和戰(zhàn)爭掠奪、姻親等因素有關(guān)；另外還有月族、虺族和(?)族存疑,其是否能成為族屬值得商榷。該流域通過青銅器銘文可見的西周時(shí)期諸侯國有魯國、滕國、邾國、杞國,結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)可知,該地區(qū)應(yīng)是以魯國為中心。 第六章,簡論前掌大墓地。經(jīng)過對前掌大墓地陶器以及青銅器的對比研究,筆者認(rèn)為前掌大墓地以商文化為主導(dǎo),包含本地文化、姬周文化、東夷文化、南方文化等因素。從前掌大墓地在墓葬形制、墓葬排列方式、族屬差別以及墓區(qū)之間存在的空白地帶等方面來看,前掌大墓地應(yīng)該存在不同的族墓地。前掌大墓地中的“于屯”村北墓地應(yīng)是一個(gè)以鳥族為主多個(gè)族屬共用的墓地,是南Ⅰ區(qū)史族墓地的從屬墓地。前掌大墓地女性用兵現(xiàn)象普遍,隨葬兵器的女性墓葬都是本地的史族和鳥族,且女性用兵的階層從高級貴族到平民皆有,不似殷墟地區(qū)僅有中高級貴族婦女用兵。據(jù)此可見,本地應(yīng)存在女性普遍參軍的可能。 第七章,相關(guān)問題探討。經(jīng)過對汶泗河流域青銅器的對比研究,筆者認(rèn)為汶泗河流域的青銅器以商文化為主導(dǎo),雜揉姬周、本地、融合文化等因素。結(jié)合不同時(shí)期陶器以及青銅器出現(xiàn)的規(guī)律,筆者認(rèn)為晚商早段商文化在汶泗河流域出現(xiàn)退卻,筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)是當(dāng)時(shí)商王朝面臨西北邊患、荊楚礦藏、戰(zhàn)略放棄、夷人反撲等多種原因所導(dǎo)致。
[Abstract]:Wensi river basin includes most areas in ancient civilization and Lunan, earlier found in Shandong region. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the basin North Xin culture, Dawenkou Culture, Longshan culture and Yueshi culture - - Shang and Zhou Culture in inheritance. The basin to the east across the Thai Yishan area into the Yi West flat, control; directly connected with the central plains; rely on Surabaya connected "four ditch", the Jiangsu and Shandong communication, forming a cultural blending land. There are records of the king a party event in the oracle inscriptions, and < > >, < < Zuozhuan, yizhoushu > early documents recorded the Duke king of Wensi River Basin of the Central Plains culture and conquests, Dongyi culture collision fierce here. The Wensi River Basin and the Central Plains bronze bronze similar also retain their own characteristics, to build the Wensi River Valley Business Week The evolution frame of the bronze ware is particularly important.
Firstly, the Wensi river basin after the Shang and Zhou dynasties bronze data were collected comprehensively, and typology analysis and staging dating, establish the evolution sequence of various bronze zone. The basin of the clan, the country is discussed, some research issues related to the bronze and reflected.
The full text is divided into seven parts:
The first chapter is the introduction. It introduces the natural geographical environment and historical evolution of the Wen Si River Basin, determines the time and space of the research. It also gives a brief account of the research status and the research purpose and methods of this area.
The second chapter, analysis of the types of Wensi River Basin. The basin unearthed bronze bronze in Shang and Zhou Dynasty according to their use as food, wine, water, musical instruments, weapons five types, and each type of each category in each of the typological analysis, summarize the evolution of each type in order to understand the basin, bronze development.
The third chapter, stage and age of Wensi River Basin. In the bronze typology based on the analysis of the bronzes are divided into five periods and ten stages. For a period of one, two, two in the equivalent period; for a period of three, equivalent to the three time; the three period was four, five, six. The equivalent of the four period to the early Western Zhou Dynasty; four for a period of seven, equivalent to the mid western Zhou Dynasty earlier period of eight; five, nine, ten, equivalent to the late mid western Zhou Dynasty to the late Western Zhou Dynasty.
The fourth chapter, the combination of Wensi River Basin. The bronze were analyzed in this chapter for each period of the bronze combination form. And compare the bronze combination at the same time, found the early Shang to Western Zhou, a local business type combination, after the mid western Zhou Ji Zhou combination, also have local combination. A comparative study was conducted on the basin between the clan combination, found family differences. There is a combination of bronze
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