本文關(guān)鍵詞：敦煌游藝文化研究　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 敦煌文獻(xiàn) 莫高窟壁畫 游藝活動(dòng) 文化特征

【摘要】：游藝是各種游戲或娛樂活動(dòng)的總稱,是人們以消閑遣興為主要目的的精神文化活動(dòng)。中國(guó)古代游藝活動(dòng)種類繁多,它在一定程度上愉悅了古人的心情,陶冶著古人的情操,增強(qiáng)了古人的體魄,在古代社會(huì)生活中占據(jù)著重要地位。已有對(duì)中國(guó)古代游藝的研究多集中于中原、南方等區(qū)域,而西北地區(qū)卻未得到應(yīng)有關(guān)注。敦煌文獻(xiàn)和莫高窟壁畫中遺存有豐富的游藝資料,對(duì)其進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性地研究,一方面可以豐富中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)游藝研究之內(nèi)容,在一定程度上對(duì)中國(guó)游藝史某些斷裂空白之處作有益的彌縫與連綴；另一方面可以開啟敦煌民俗研究之新視角。論文把敦煌文獻(xiàn)和莫高窟壁畫中涉及游藝的內(nèi)容悉數(shù)輯出,采用文獻(xiàn)與圖像相印證的方法,并結(jié)合其他史料和今人研究成果,對(duì)敦煌游藝按性質(zhì)的不同分成武功技藝類游藝、歲時(shí)節(jié)日類游藝、博弈類游藝和兒童游戲類游藝等四個(gè)主要類型進(jìn)行討論：武功技藝類游藝對(duì)活動(dòng)參與者的身體素質(zhì)有著較高的要求,主要有狩獵、射箭、相撲和jf技四種。敦煌壁畫中的狩獵、射箭、相撲圖像在佛經(jīng)太子比武故事中能找到對(duì)應(yīng)的文字描述。狩獵作為游藝活動(dòng)流行于敦煌上層社會(huì),其所使用的弓、箭等都有固定的來源。獵狗和獵鷹是敦煌人狩獵的好幫手,尤其是獵鷹更是敦煌地方政府向中央進(jìn)貢的物品。相撲在Дx.02822《雜集時(shí)要用字》中被放到聲樂部,正是突出了其表演和娛樂的特征。jf技圖像在壁畫中出現(xiàn)較多,并且表現(xiàn)出各種不同的動(dòng)作姿態(tài)。敦煌文獻(xiàn)和莫高窟壁畫記載了上元、上巳、寒食、清明、端午、七夕、重陽、除夕等歲時(shí)節(jié)日中,人們從事觀燈、宴飲、春游、踏歌、蹴鞠、擊鞠、斗雞、賞花、乞巧、登高、驅(qū)儺等各式各樣的游藝休閑活動(dòng)。其顯著特征便是借助娛樂活動(dòng),暫時(shí)融通平時(shí)社會(huì)各階層的社會(huì)差異。在敦煌的歲時(shí)節(jié)日游藝中,我們可以看到不同社會(huì)階層民眾的普遍參與性,如上元燈節(jié),既有歸義軍政權(quán)的燃燈窟,亦有普通民眾乃至寺院僧人的參與,最大程度上實(shí)現(xiàn)了官民同樂,僧俗共享。樗蒲、雙陸這兩項(xiàng)博戲皆源自于六博之戲,利用敦煌文獻(xiàn)及其他史料,對(duì)兩者的游戲規(guī)則進(jìn)行討論,有助于對(duì)它們的區(qū)別對(duì)待。敦煌文獻(xiàn)中所遺存的《棋經(jīng)》為我們?nèi)嬲J(rèn)識(shí)古代圍棋藝術(shù)提供了獨(dú)一無二的材料。敦煌文獻(xiàn)中對(duì)藏鉤游戲的記載較多,述及了藏鉤的游戲規(guī)則。更為重要的是,對(duì)藏鉤參與者的表情和心理描寫極為細(xì)致。敦煌文獻(xiàn)對(duì)博弈類游藝活動(dòng)的記載多持反對(duì)和勸誡態(tài)度,這也能從側(cè)面反映出敦煌地區(qū)博弈類游藝活動(dòng)的流行。敦煌文獻(xiàn)和莫高窟壁畫中所記載的兒童游藝活動(dòng),為我們獲知敦煌及中古時(shí)代的兒童游藝活動(dòng)提供了珍貴的素材。敦煌材料中的竹馬之戲,給出了宋代以前兒童騎竹馬的圖像資料。作為兒童玩伴的s'子狗,是中西物種文化交流的產(chǎn)物。聚沙成塔的兒童游戲則頗具濃厚的佛教色彩。敦煌歸義軍政府頒布的禁止兒童在道場(chǎng)打彈弓的榜文,恰恰反映了打彈弓游戲在敦煌兒童中的流行。敦煌壁畫中的布袋木偶戲因其簡(jiǎn)單易行,受到家長(zhǎng)和孩子的歡迎,有益于他們情感的溝通和增強(qiáng)。翻筋斗也是孩子們所熱衷的游戲項(xiàng)目,敦煌壁畫中的翻筋斗圖像也充分說明了此項(xiàng)游戲的娛樂性。總而言之,敦煌文獻(xiàn)對(duì)游藝項(xiàng)目有翔實(shí)的文字記載,而莫高窟壁畫中的游藝活動(dòng)形象,應(yīng)當(dāng)是當(dāng)時(shí)游藝活動(dòng)的真實(shí)寫照。通過對(duì)敦煌游藝項(xiàng)目的討論,可以得知它們具強(qiáng)烈的娛樂屬性,深受儒家文化影響,并能體現(xiàn)出中西文化交流的因素。
[Abstract]:Is the general term for a variety of entertainment games or entertainment, people with leisure caprice as the main purpose of the spiritual and cultural activities. There are many kinds of entertainment activities in ancient China, which, to a certain extent, delighted the mood of the ancients, nurture the sentiment of the ancients, and enhance the physique of the ancients, playing an important role in ancient social life. There have been many studies of ancient Chinese art in the Central Plains and southern regions, while the northwest region has not received its due attention. The remains of Dunhuang literature and murals in the Mogao Grottoes is rich in entertainment information, study systematically on the one hand can enrich the traditional China entertainment research content, as beneficial to Chinese and seal together some gaps in entertainment history fracture to a certain extent; on the other hand can open a new perspective of Dunhuang folk custom research. The Dunhuang literature and murals in the Mogao Grottoes entertainment content of a series of all involved, by using the methods of literature and image is confirmed, and combined with other historical and current research on the Dunhuang entertainment festival according to the nature of different martial arts skills into entertainment, age class entertainment, game class entertainment and children's Games class game four the main types are discussed: martial arts skills of recreation activity participants physical quality have higher requirements, mainly hunting, archery, sumo and JF four. The hunting, archery and Sumo image in the Dunhuang murals can find the corresponding description in the story of the prince of the Buddhist sutra. Hunting, as a recreational activity, is popular in the upper class of Dunhuang, with a fixed source of bow and arrow. Hunting dogs and falcons are good helpers for the hunting of Dunhuang people, especially the falcons are the goods that the local government of Dunhuang pays tribute to the central government. In the family of x.02822 "a sumo to the vocal department was placed on the words", it is to highlight the characteristics of its performance and entertainment. JF images appear more in the mural, and show a variety of different movements. Dunhuang literature and painting of Mogao Grottoes records Shangyuan, Shangsi, Hanshi and Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, the Qixi Festival, Chongyang Festival, new year's Eve, people engaged in landscape, dinner, outing, tage, Cuju, Jiju chicken, flowers, Qiqiao, climbing, drivenuo etc. every kind of recreation and leisure activities. Its remarkable feature is the use of recreational activities to temporarily integrate the social differences of all social classes. In Dunhuang the old season tour in art, we can see the universal participation of different social classes of people, such as the Lantern Festival, both Guiyijun regime is randeng cave, ordinary people and even the monks in maximizing people fun and sharing. An ancient game, the two game of backgammon is from six Bo of the show, using the Dunhuang literature and other historical materials, discussion of the rules of the game, to help them treat the difference. The remains of Dunhuang in the literature "Qijing" the one and only provides materials for our comprehensive understanding of the ancient art of chess. There are many records of the hooked games in the Dunhuang literature, and the rules of the hooked game are described. More importantly, the expression and psychological description of the hooked participants are very meticulous. The Dunhuang literature has a lot of opposition and admonishing attitude in the record of game game activities, which can also reflect the popularity of game activity in Dunhuang. The art activities of children in the Dunhuang literature and the Mogao Grottoes frescoes provide us with valuable material for the learning of children's recreation activities in Dunhuang and the middle ages. Dunhuang materials in the play are Chikuma, image data before the Song Dynasty horse's children. As a child playmate, s'son is the product of cultural exchanges between Chinese and Western species. The children are quite many littles make a mickle. strong buddhist. Dunhuang Guiyijun government ban on children's slingshot in the dojo message reflects the slingshot game popular in children in Dunhuang. The puppet puppet play in the Dunhuang murals is very easy to do and is welcomed by parents and children, which is beneficial to their emotional communication and enhancement. Turn the somersault is children's keen game project, somersaults in Dunhuang mural image shows that the entertainment game. To sum up, Dunhuang literature has detailed and accurate records of entertainment projects, and the image of recreational activities in Mogao Grottoes frescoes should be a true portrayal of recreational activities at that time. Through the discussion of Dunhuang entertainment projects, we can see that they have strong entertainment attributes, deeply influenced by Confucian culture, and can reflect the factors of cultural exchange between China and Western countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K870.6
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本文編號(hào)：1340287