1999年以來的權(quán)力下放與英國國家統(tǒng)一
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2021-09-03 02:08
權(quán)力下放是1997年以來英國政府進(jìn)行的重大憲法改革措施之一。從1999年下放權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)正式開始運(yùn)作迄今己逾15年。作為應(yīng)對民族主義崛起的主要措施,權(quán)力下放曾被其設(shè)計(jì)者寄予厚望,認(rèn)為通過將權(quán)力從中央下放到地方,不僅可使地方實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的自我治理,更能夠滿足非英格蘭地區(qū)（蘇格蘭、威爾士,北愛爾蘭）的自治訴求,從而抑制旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)這些地區(qū)獨(dú)立的民族主義運(yùn)動(dòng),從而鞏固英國這一“聯(lián)合王國”。然而事實(shí)證明,這一目的并未達(dá)到。非英格蘭地區(qū)的民族主義繼續(xù)高漲,尤以蘇格蘭為甚。2014年9月18日舉行的蘇格蘭獨(dú)立公投,更是將英國推向了分裂的邊緣。本文作者認(rèn)為,盡管蘇格蘭人最終選擇了留在英國,但權(quán)力下放帶來的危機(jī)遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束。經(jīng)過15年的權(quán)力下放,英國的國家統(tǒng)一已經(jīng)明顯弱化。從其背景和實(shí)踐來看,英國權(quán)力下放存在諸多不利條件。首先,英國是一個(gè)由多民族聯(lián)合而成的國家,這一過程雖由最強(qiáng)大的英格蘭主導(dǎo),但其余地區(qū)仍保留有較強(qiáng)的自我認(rèn)同,缺乏對整個(gè)國家的高度認(rèn)同；其次,非英格蘭地區(qū)民族主義歷史悠久,隨著英國國力的衰弱,這些民族主義運(yùn)動(dòng)得以迅速發(fā)展；第三,英國權(quán)力下放是一種“不對稱”的權(quán)力下放,不同地區(qū)享有的權(quán)力大小程度不同,這種...
【文章來源】：北京外國語大學(xué)北京市 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：65 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgements
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations
List of Tables and Figures
Devolution and the Unity of the United Kingdom since 1999
1. Introduction
1.1 Issues and Questions
1.2. Literature Review
1.3 Defining Devolution
2. Devolution:A British Way to Tackle Nationalism
2.1 The Predicament of the Territorial Nature of the UK
2.2 The Challenges of Nationalism within the UK
2.3 The Practice of Devolution:Asymmetry and Divergence
3. The Impacts of Devolution on the Unity of the UK
3.1. The Strengthened Identity of the Union?
3.2. The Weakening of the Westminster Parliament and "Parliamentary Sovereignty"
3.3 Devolution and Party Politics
4. Case Study:Scottish Devolution
4.1 The Road to Devolution before 1999
4.2 Nationalism Temporarily Contained,1999～2007
4.3 The End of the Union?2007～Present
5. Reflections on Devolution in the UK
5.1 To What Extent Should Devolution Be Blamed?
5.2 What Are the Prospect of Devolution and the Unity of the UK?
5.3 What Can China Learn from the UK Experience?
6. Conclusion
Works Cited
本文編號：3380186
【文章來源】：北京外國語大學(xué)北京市 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：65 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgements
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations
List of Tables and Figures
Devolution and the Unity of the United Kingdom since 1999
1. Introduction
1.1 Issues and Questions
1.2. Literature Review
1.3 Defining Devolution
2. Devolution:A British Way to Tackle Nationalism
2.1 The Predicament of the Territorial Nature of the UK
2.2 The Challenges of Nationalism within the UK
2.3 The Practice of Devolution:Asymmetry and Divergence
3. The Impacts of Devolution on the Unity of the UK
3.1. The Strengthened Identity of the Union?
3.2. The Weakening of the Westminster Parliament and "Parliamentary Sovereignty"
3.3 Devolution and Party Politics
4. Case Study:Scottish Devolution
4.1 The Road to Devolution before 1999
4.2 Nationalism Temporarily Contained,1999～2007
4.3 The End of the Union?2007～Present
5. Reflections on Devolution in the UK
5.1 To What Extent Should Devolution Be Blamed?
5.2 What Are the Prospect of Devolution and the Unity of the UK?
5.3 What Can China Learn from the UK Experience?
6. Conclusion
Works Cited
本文編號：3380186
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