俄羅斯（蘇聯(lián)）對(duì)車臣民族政策的歷史演變研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-26 20:17
【摘要】： 車臣問(wèn)題是冷戰(zhàn)后始終困擾俄羅斯當(dāng)局的一個(gè)重大民族問(wèn)題，它不僅對(duì)國(guó)家的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展造成嚴(yán)重危害，遲滯了俄羅斯重新崛起的步伐，而且直接影響著俄羅斯的國(guó)際聲譽(yù)、國(guó)際地位和國(guó)際關(guān)系。車臣危機(jī)由來(lái)已久、原因眾多，然而，俄羅斯(蘇聯(lián))在不同歷史時(shí)期所實(shí)行的民族政策以及在處理民族問(wèn)題和民族矛盾過(guò)程中所犯的錯(cuò)誤是其中不可否認(rèn)的重要因素。因此，系統(tǒng)回顧不同歷史階段俄羅斯(蘇聯(lián))對(duì)車臣的民族政策，認(rèn)真總結(jié)其成敗得失和經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，不僅具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值，更具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文由五個(gè)部分組成。第一章總體上回顧了車臣問(wèn)題的歷史由來(lái)和現(xiàn)實(shí)發(fā)展，為展開(kāi)全文作了鋪墊。第二章到第四章是文章的主體，系統(tǒng)地闡述和分析了沙皇俄國(guó)、蘇聯(lián)和俄羅斯聯(lián)邦三個(gè)時(shí)期對(duì)車臣民族政策的歷史演變過(guò)程。文章認(rèn)為，沙皇俄國(guó)推行大俄羅斯沙文主義殖民政策，，對(duì)車臣人民長(zhǎng)期實(shí)施殘酷鎮(zhèn)壓和統(tǒng)治，在被征服為“臣民”的車臣人的心理上埋下了“民族仇恨”的種子。十月革命的勝利為解決包括車臣在內(nèi)的復(fù)雜的民族問(wèn)題提供了契機(jī)。以列寧為代表的蘇俄領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人運(yùn)用馬克思主義民族理論指導(dǎo)民族工作和解決民族問(wèn)題，制定和執(zhí)行了一系列針對(duì)本國(guó)民族關(guān)系實(shí)際情況的民族政策，收到了良好的效果。然而從斯大林執(zhí)政后期直至勃列日涅夫時(shí)期，盡管蘇聯(lián)在民族問(wèn)題的處理上依然有一定成績(jī)，但由于對(duì)社會(huì)主義發(fā)展進(jìn)程以及對(duì)民族問(wèn)題存在一些錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，加上大俄羅斯民族主義傳統(tǒng)的消極影響，蘇聯(lián)的民族政策出現(xiàn)重大失誤。而車臣人無(wú)辜遭受的三次大規(guī)模迫害更是極大地傷害了車臣人的感情，為后來(lái)車臣問(wèn)題的爆發(fā)埋下了禍根。戈?duì)柊蛦谭驎r(shí)期推行的“公開(kāi)化”、“民主化”實(shí)際上為早已對(duì)俄羅斯懷有強(qiáng)烈不滿的車臣分離勢(shì)力提供了機(jī)會(huì)。蘇聯(lián)解體過(guò)程中和之后，車臣問(wèn)題日益成為俄羅斯當(dāng)局面臨的急迫問(wèn)題。在葉利欽和普京兩個(gè)階段，俄羅斯政府對(duì)車臣民族問(wèn)題的政策存在重大差異。葉利欽政府先是對(duì)車臣分離勢(shì)力妥協(xié)退讓，直到車臣分離勢(shì)力坐大并直接威脅到俄羅斯國(guó)家統(tǒng)一時(shí)才不得不發(fā)動(dòng)第一次車臣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。普京上臺(tái)后汲取了以往的教訓(xùn)，采取強(qiáng)有力手段對(duì)車臣極端分離主義勢(shì)力予以遏制和打擊，取得了明顯成效。但是，由于眾多因素的制約，徹底解決車臣問(wèn)題尚需時(shí)日。第五章從五個(gè)方面總結(jié)了車臣民族問(wèn)題的歷史啟示：必須對(duì)民族問(wèn)題的長(zhǎng)期性、復(fù)雜性、國(guó)際性、敏感性和重要性特征保持清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)；必須十分重視少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展，不斷提高民族地區(qū)的人民生活水平和自我發(fā)展能力：必須高度重視培養(yǎng)使用民族干部，做到既堅(jiān)持高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)要求，又關(guān)心愛(ài)護(hù)并放手使用相結(jié)合；必須正確處理中央集權(quán)與民族地區(qū)分權(quán)、國(guó)家統(tǒng)一與民族自治的關(guān)系，明確中央政府與民族自治地方之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)關(guān)系；必須對(duì)危害國(guó)家主權(quán)、破壞領(lǐng)土完整的極端民族分離主義勢(shì)力予以堅(jiān)決遏制和打擊。
[Abstract]:The problem of Chechnya is a major national problem that has always plagued the Russian authorities after the cold war, which not only caused serious harm to the stability and development of the country, but also delayed the pace of the re-emergence of Russia, and directly affected the international reputation, international status and international relations of Russia. The crisis of the Republic of Chechnya has a long history and many reasons. However, the national policies adopted by the Russian (Soviet Union) in different historical periods and the mistakes made in the process of the process of ethnic and national conflicts are the undeniable important factors. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to review the national policy of the Russian (Soviet Union) in the different historical stages, and to sum up the successes and losses and the lessons of it, not only has the important academic value but also has great practical significance. This article is composed of five The first chapter, in general, reviews the history of the problem of Chechnya and the development of the reality, in order to carry out the full text. The second chapter and the fourth chapter are the main body of the article, and the history of the policy of the Chechen nation in the three periods of the tsar Russia, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation are systematically expounded and analyzed. The article is of the view that the czar russia is carrying out the policy of the great russian chauvinism, and for the long-term brutal suppression and rule of the Chechen people, and buried in the psychological of the Chechen people who have been conquered as the "Chen Min". > The seeds of the October Revolution. The victory of the October Revolution was to resolve the complex national problems, including Chechnya. The Russian leader, who is a representative of Lenin, used the Marxist national theory to guide the national work and solve the national problems, and formulated and implemented a series of national policies aimed at the actual situation of the national relations. However, in the late period of Stalin's ruling until the period of Brezhnev, despite the fact that the Soviet Union still has some achievements in the process of the national problem, due to the wrong understanding of the process of the socialist development and the problems of the nationality, and the traditional Chinese nationalism, The Negative Influence of the Soviet Union's National Policy A major mistake. The three-scale persecution of the innocent of the Chechen people has greatly hurt the feelings of the Chechen people and buried the Chechen problem later. The "public" in the period of Gorbachev's national hatred "," in fact, is the breakaway force of the Chechen separatist forces that have been strongly dissatisfied with Russia. " in that course of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the problem of Chechnya is increasingly face by the Russian authorities An urgent issue. In the two phases of Yeltsin and Putin, the Russian government has a policy of the problem of the Chechen nation. in a major difference, Yeltsin's government was first to compromise that separatist forces of the republic of Chechnya, until the separation of the republic of Chechnya and the direct threat to the unity of the Russian state would have to be waged for the first time The war in Chechnya. After Mr. Putin came to power, he learned the lessons of the past and adopted a powerful means to contain and strike the separatist forces in Chechnya. However, as a result of the constraints of many factors, the problem of the Chechen problem is thoroughly solved The fifth chapter summarizes the historical enlightenment of the problem of the Chechen nation from five aspects: the long-term, the complexity, the international, the sensitivity and the importance of the national problem must be kept awake; it is necessary to attach great importance to the economy of the minority areas The development of the society and the continuous improvement of the people's living standard and the self-development ability in the minority areas: it is necessary to attach great importance to the cultivation of the use of the national cadres, to adhere to the strict requirements of high standards, to care for the care and to let go of the use of the people, and to correctly handle the centralism and the nation The relationship between the decentralization of the region, the unification of the state and the national autonomous areas, the clear determination of the relationship between the rights and obligations between the central government and the national autonomous areas, and the determination of the extremist ethnic separatist forces that endanger the sovereignty of the State and undermine the territorial integrity must be determined resolutely.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D751.2
本文編號(hào)：2447887
[Abstract]:The problem of Chechnya is a major national problem that has always plagued the Russian authorities after the cold war, which not only caused serious harm to the stability and development of the country, but also delayed the pace of the re-emergence of Russia, and directly affected the international reputation, international status and international relations of Russia. The crisis of the Republic of Chechnya has a long history and many reasons. However, the national policies adopted by the Russian (Soviet Union) in different historical periods and the mistakes made in the process of the process of ethnic and national conflicts are the undeniable important factors. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to review the national policy of the Russian (Soviet Union) in the different historical stages, and to sum up the successes and losses and the lessons of it, not only has the important academic value but also has great practical significance. This article is composed of five The first chapter, in general, reviews the history of the problem of Chechnya and the development of the reality, in order to carry out the full text. The second chapter and the fourth chapter are the main body of the article, and the history of the policy of the Chechen nation in the three periods of the tsar Russia, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation are systematically expounded and analyzed. The article is of the view that the czar russia is carrying out the policy of the great russian chauvinism, and for the long-term brutal suppression and rule of the Chechen people, and buried in the psychological of the Chechen people who have been conquered as the "Chen Min". > The seeds of the October Revolution. The victory of the October Revolution was to resolve the complex national problems, including Chechnya. The Russian leader, who is a representative of Lenin, used the Marxist national theory to guide the national work and solve the national problems, and formulated and implemented a series of national policies aimed at the actual situation of the national relations. However, in the late period of Stalin's ruling until the period of Brezhnev, despite the fact that the Soviet Union still has some achievements in the process of the national problem, due to the wrong understanding of the process of the socialist development and the problems of the nationality, and the traditional Chinese nationalism, The Negative Influence of the Soviet Union's National Policy A major mistake. The three-scale persecution of the innocent of the Chechen people has greatly hurt the feelings of the Chechen people and buried the Chechen problem later. The "public" in the period of Gorbachev's national hatred "," in fact, is the breakaway force of the Chechen separatist forces that have been strongly dissatisfied with Russia. " in that course of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the problem of Chechnya is increasingly face by the Russian authorities An urgent issue. In the two phases of Yeltsin and Putin, the Russian government has a policy of the problem of the Chechen nation. in a major difference, Yeltsin's government was first to compromise that separatist forces of the republic of Chechnya, until the separation of the republic of Chechnya and the direct threat to the unity of the Russian state would have to be waged for the first time The war in Chechnya. After Mr. Putin came to power, he learned the lessons of the past and adopted a powerful means to contain and strike the separatist forces in Chechnya. However, as a result of the constraints of many factors, the problem of the Chechen problem is thoroughly solved The fifth chapter summarizes the historical enlightenment of the problem of the Chechen nation from five aspects: the long-term, the complexity, the international, the sensitivity and the importance of the national problem must be kept awake; it is necessary to attach great importance to the economy of the minority areas The development of the society and the continuous improvement of the people's living standard and the self-development ability in the minority areas: it is necessary to attach great importance to the cultivation of the use of the national cadres, to adhere to the strict requirements of high standards, to care for the care and to let go of the use of the people, and to correctly handle the centralism and the nation The relationship between the decentralization of the region, the unification of the state and the national autonomous areas, the clear determination of the relationship between the rights and obligations between the central government and the national autonomous areas, and the determination of the extremist ethnic separatist forces that endanger the sovereignty of the State and undermine the territorial integrity must be determined resolutely.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D751.2
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