【摘要】：澳大利亞作為一個多民族組成的移民國家,也是經(jīng)濟(jì)文化發(fā)達(dá)的西方國家,所以成為了包括中國人在內(nèi)的世界各國人士首選的移民目的地之一。移民政策是澳大利亞現(xiàn)行國策"多元文化主義"政策的核心內(nèi)容,它對澳大利亞的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有著非常重要的影響。本文通過整合和完善原有的澳大利亞移民政策與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的研究成果,從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度綜合分析了澳大利亞各時期移民政策演進(jìn)原因和其對本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,探求移民政策和其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展兩者之間的相互關(guān)系。首先,本文通過對現(xiàn)有的有關(guān)移民理論進(jìn)行梳理,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了本文的研究思路并闡述了海外移民的經(jīng)濟(jì)原因、政治原因和自然人口原因等因素;進(jìn)而對海外移民的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析,通過對同質(zhì)、不同質(zhì)勞動下的移民經(jīng)濟(jì)分析,研究表明,海外移民對本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響要考慮多方面的因素,諸如移民類型、移民質(zhì)量、本國國內(nèi)勞動力市場配置狀況等。其次,本文闡述了澳大利亞建國前的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展特點,描述了澳大利亞建國前所經(jīng)歷的兩次經(jīng)濟(jì)起飛;繼而介紹了"白澳政策"時期澳大利亞經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的特點;以及澳大利亞多元文化形成的經(jīng)濟(jì)原因及其進(jìn)入轉(zhuǎn)型時期經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要表現(xiàn)。再次,本文分別闡述了不同時期澳大利亞的移民政策的變化演進(jìn)歷程。通過對澳大利亞建國前、白澳政策時期、多元文化時期所采取的移民政策進(jìn)行了分階段介紹,歸納了不同階段澳大利益移民政策的特點,包括在不同的歷史時期對移民的種類和數(shù)量的需求差異及其原因。最后,本文采用了描述性和實證分析的方法,分析了移民和移民政策對澳大利亞經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。一是分析了建國前移民對澳大利亞各主要行業(yè)和勞動力市場以及對外貿(mào)易的影響;二是分析了 "白澳政策"導(dǎo)致的澳大利亞長期陷入封閉的經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下,通過移民改變了澳大利亞的人口狀況,推動了澳大利亞的人口快速增長;三是分析了在多元文化時期,因為多元文化政策的實施,多元移民對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長做出了重大的貢獻(xiàn),推動了澳大利亞向發(fā)達(dá)國家的轉(zhuǎn)變;最后,重點就澳大利亞經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型時期下移民對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響、對平均工資水平的影響和對勞動力市場的影響進(jìn)行了描述性分析和實證分析,研究表明,移民對澳大利亞的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長產(chǎn)生重要的推動作用,同時移民對澳大利亞工資水平也具有負(fù)面影響;但是移民對澳大利亞就業(yè)率并沒有顯著的影響。此外,在前文的基礎(chǔ)上,本文進(jìn)一步分析了 2008年金融危機(jī)以后,澳大利亞移民政策的變化和其原因及已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響,并對澳大利亞未來移民政策進(jìn)行了展望。研究說明,澳大利亞經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在很大程度上需要依賴相適應(yīng)的移民政策支持,同時經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展也是移民政策不斷修改的主要原因。
[Abstract]:As a multi-ethnic immigrant country, Australia is also an economically and culturally developed western country, so it has become one of the preferred immigration destinations for people from all over the world, including the Chinese. Immigration policy is the core of Australia's current national policy of multiculturalism, which has a very important impact on Australia's political and economic development. Through the integration and improvement of the original Australian immigration policy and economic development, this paper comprehensively analyzes the reasons for the evolution of Australian immigration policy in various periods and its impact on the domestic economy from the perspective of economics. Explore the relationship between immigration policy and its economic development. First of all, this article combs the existing immigration theory, on this basis, puts forward the research ideas of this paper and expounds the economic reasons, political reasons and natural population reasons of the emigration abroad, and other factors, such as the economic reasons, the political reasons and the natural population reasons and so on. Based on the economic analysis of the economic effects of overseas immigrants, the study shows that the influence of overseas immigrants on their own economy should take into account various factors, such as the types of immigrants, through the economic analysis of emigration under the same quality and different quality of labor. Immigration quality, the allocation of the domestic labour market, and so on. Secondly, this paper describes the characteristics of Australian economic development before the founding of Australia, describes the two economic takeoffs before the founding of Australia, and then introduces the characteristics of Australian economic development in the period of "White Australia Policy". And the economic causes of the formation of Australian multiculturalism and the main performance of the economy during the transition period. Thirdly, this paper expounds the evolution of Australia's immigration policy in different periods. Through the introduction of the immigration policy before the founding of Australia, the White Australia Policy period and the multiculturalism period, this paper summarizes the characteristics of Australia's great interest immigration policy in different stages. Including the different historical periods of the demand for the type and quantity of immigrants and the reasons for them. Finally, this paper uses descriptive and empirical methods to analyze the impact of immigration and immigration policies on Australia's economy. The first is to analyze the impact of immigrants before the founding of the people's Republic of China on Australia's major industries and labor market as well as foreign trade; The second is to analyze Australia's long-term closed economic background caused by "White Australia Policy", through immigration to change Australia's population situation, to promote the rapid growth of Australia's population; Thirdly, it analyzes that in the period of multiculturalism, because of the implementation of multicultural policy, pluralistic immigrants have made a great contribution to economic growth and promoted the transformation from Australia to developed countries. Finally, a descriptive and empirical analysis of the impact of immigration on economic growth, the impact on average wage levels and the labour market during Australia's economic transition period is made, and the research shows that the impact of migration on economic growth, the impact on the average wage level and on the labour market is descriptive and empirical. Immigration plays an important role in promoting Australia's economic growth, and immigration has a negative impact on Australian wages. But immigration has no significant effect on Australia's employment rate. In addition, on the basis of the previous paper, this paper further analyzes the changes and causes of Australia's immigration policy after the 2008 financial crisis and its economic impact, and looks forward to the future immigration policy of Australia. The research shows that Australia's economic development is largely dependent on the appropriate immigration policy support, and economic development is also the main reason for the continuous revision of immigration policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D761.1;F161.1
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本文編號：2434932