【摘要】： 美國歷史上,非法移民可以追溯到1924年。1980年代以后,非法移民激增,成為美國社會關注的焦點。其中,非法移民主要來自墨西哥,分布于美國多個地方。全球經濟發(fā)展不平衡、偷運移民存在巨額利潤以及合法移民渠道不暢通等是該問題產生的全球原因。美國邊境的管理漏洞、美國對廉價勞動力的需求等形成了吸引非法移民的“拉力”,非法移民遷出國與美國的種種差異形成了促動非法移民的“推力”。另外,非法移民還受到經濟因素的驅使、移民網絡的推動及認識上誤區(qū)的影響。美國的非法移民問題愈演愈烈,除了自身的生命和財產安全面臨危害外,也給美國和非法移民遷出國帶去了越來越多的問題,對國際社會與國家間關系提出了越來越嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)。1980年代后,針對非法移民問題,美國先后出臺了若干專門法案,其中《1986年移民改革與控制法》、187法案和《1996年非法移民改革及移民責任法》三個最具代表性。但是,受錯綜復雜的出臺背景、相互交織的各方利益等因素的制約,以上三個法案的實際效用有限。因此,1980年代后美國對非法移民問題的法律控制只具有短期有效性,沒能形成長效控制機制。
[Abstract]:In American history, illegal immigration dates back to 1924. After the 1980s, illegal immigrants proliferated and became the focus of American society. Among them, illegal immigrants mainly from Mexico, distributed in many places in the United States. The global economic imbalance, the huge profits of smuggling of migrants and the lack of legal immigration channels are the global causes of this problem. The loopholes in American border management and the demand for cheap labor in the United States have formed the "pull force" to attract illegal immigrants, and the differences between the countries that emigrate illegally and those in the United States have formed the "thrust" of promoting illegal immigrants. In addition, illegal immigrants are also driven by economic factors, the promotion of migration network and the impact of misunderstanding. The problem of illegal immigrants in the United States is getting worse and worse. In addition to endangering the safety of their own lives and property, it has also brought more and more problems to the United States and the countries that emigrate illegally. Since the 1980s, the United States has introduced a number of special acts, including the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, in response to the problem of illegal immigration. Act 187 and the illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration liability Act 1996 are the three most representative. However, due to the complicated background and the intertwined interests of all parties, the practical effectiveness of the above three acts is limited. Therefore, after 1980's, the legal control of illegal immigration in the United States was only effective in the short term, and failed to form a long-term control mechanism.
【學位授予單位】：暨南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D771.2

【引證文獻】

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本文編號：2378745