發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-14 14:17

【摘要】： 美國(guó)歷史上,非法移民可以追溯到1924年。1980年代以后,非法移民激增,成為美國(guó)社會(huì)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。其中,非法移民主要來自墨西哥,分布于美國(guó)多個(gè)地方。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡、偷運(yùn)移民存在巨額利潤(rùn)以及合法移民渠道不暢通等是該問題產(chǎn)生的全球原因。美國(guó)邊境的管理漏洞、美國(guó)對(duì)廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力的需求等形成了吸引非法移民的“拉力”,非法移民遷出國(guó)與美國(guó)的種種差異形成了促動(dòng)非法移民的“推力”。另外,非法移民還受到經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的驅(qū)使、移民網(wǎng)絡(luò)的推動(dòng)及認(rèn)識(shí)上誤區(qū)的影響。美國(guó)的非法移民問題愈演愈烈,除了自身的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全面臨危害外,也給美國(guó)和非法移民遷出國(guó)帶去了越來越多的問題,對(duì)國(guó)際社會(huì)與國(guó)家間關(guān)系提出了越來越嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。1980年代后,針對(duì)非法移民問題,美國(guó)先后出臺(tái)了若干專門法案,其中《1986年移民改革與控制法》、187法案和《1996年非法移民改革及移民責(zé)任法》三個(gè)最具代表性。但是,受錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的出臺(tái)背景、相互交織的各方利益等因素的制約,以上三個(gè)法案的實(shí)際效用有限。因此,1980年代后美國(guó)對(duì)非法移民問題的法律控制只具有短期有效性,沒能形成長(zhǎng)效控制機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:In American history, illegal immigration dates back to 1924. After the 1980s, illegal immigrants proliferated and became the focus of American society. Among them, illegal immigrants mainly from Mexico, distributed in many places in the United States. The global economic imbalance, the huge profits of smuggling of migrants and the lack of legal immigration channels are the global causes of this problem. The loopholes in American border management and the demand for cheap labor in the United States have formed the "pull force" to attract illegal immigrants, and the differences between the countries that emigrate illegally and those in the United States have formed the "thrust" of promoting illegal immigrants. In addition, illegal immigrants are also driven by economic factors, the promotion of migration network and the impact of misunderstanding. The problem of illegal immigrants in the United States is getting worse and worse. In addition to endangering the safety of their own lives and property, it has also brought more and more problems to the United States and the countries that emigrate illegally. Since the 1980s, the United States has introduced a number of special acts, including the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, in response to the problem of illegal immigration. Act 187 and the illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration liability Act 1996 are the three most representative. However, due to the complicated background and the intertwined interests of all parties, the practical effectiveness of the above three acts is limited. Therefore, after 1980's, the legal control of illegal immigration in the United States was only effective in the short term, and failed to form a long-term control mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D771.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：2378745