利比亞政治中的部落因素
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-27 19:03
【摘要】：本文論述的是利比亞政治進(jìn)程各時(shí)期的部落因素。利比亞領(lǐng)土上最初的土著民以部落為生存單位。地廣人稀的地勢條件、惡劣的自然環(huán)境、異族統(tǒng)治經(jīng)歷以及阿拉伯人的強(qiáng)勢侵入使得部落社會結(jié)構(gòu)在利比亞最終確立。此后,部落因素貫穿利比亞政治進(jìn)程中的各個(gè)階段,二者相互影響、相互作用。 利比亞獨(dú)立前曾先后處于多個(gè)異族的統(tǒng)治下。在淪為殖民地前,利比亞三地大部分時(shí)間內(nèi)處于不同異族的統(tǒng)治下,且多為攝政統(tǒng)治,三地間及各自部落間都缺乏聯(lián)系,自成一體,部落民眾多處于分散的自由生活狀態(tài)。意大利殖民統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,殖民者對利比亞不同地區(qū)、不同部落分而治之,以維持殖民統(tǒng)治并實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)治利益,客觀上強(qiáng)化了利比亞民眾的部落意識。 獨(dú)立后,利比亞各地區(qū)和部落依舊缺乏統(tǒng)一國家歸屬感。伊德里斯王朝時(shí)期,利比亞實(shí)現(xiàn)了伊斯蘭國家的初步建構(gòu),但由于統(tǒng)治者的消極無能,未能改變部落意識大于統(tǒng)一國家意識的狀況�？ㄔ平y(tǒng)治時(shí)期內(nèi)經(jīng)歷了對部落態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。統(tǒng)治前期,他希望加強(qiáng)國家的統(tǒng)一意識,淡化部落意識,采取激進(jìn)的革命民族主義治理國家,摒棄落后的“部落等級制”。當(dāng)理想破滅,他回歸部落統(tǒng)治,實(shí)行偏頗的部落政策,引發(fā)民怨,客觀上強(qiáng)化了利比亞強(qiáng)社會弱國家的狀況。 爆發(fā)于2011年的利比亞戰(zhàn)爭使卡扎菲在維持了對利比亞42年的穩(wěn)定統(tǒng)治后戰(zhàn)敗人亡。部落因素既是利比亞戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)的深層次原因,也對戰(zhàn)爭進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生影響。戰(zhàn)后,原來的強(qiáng)人霸權(quán)、高壓統(tǒng)治瓦解,整個(gè)社會高度碎片化。部落矛盾尖銳,沖突不斷,安全局勢急劇惡化。當(dāng)前及未來相當(dāng)長的時(shí)期內(nèi),國家面臨恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)、重構(gòu)政權(quán)、穩(wěn)定社會和組建正規(guī)軍隊(duì)等方面的艱巨任務(wù)。正確對待部落因素,加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)一國家意識的培植將在利比亞未來發(fā)展中起到基礎(chǔ)性作用。 本文除緒論和結(jié)語外共分六章。第一章是對利比亞部落概況的論述,包括利比亞部落的起源與現(xiàn)狀、結(jié)構(gòu)與運(yùn)行機(jī)制,以及譜系劃分與部落特性。第二章是利比亞獨(dú)立前的部落發(fā)展,論述了異族統(tǒng)治下的利比亞部落狀態(tài)及前者對后者的影響。第三章的主要內(nèi)容是利比亞王朝時(shí)期伊德里斯國王消極統(tǒng)治下的部落關(guān)系。第四章是卡扎菲統(tǒng)治方式轉(zhuǎn)變中的部落因素。部落因素既是卡扎菲統(tǒng)治方式轉(zhuǎn)變的原因,也是其統(tǒng)治后期的依賴因素。第五章討論了部落因素在利比亞戰(zhàn)爭中的作用,以及過渡政府統(tǒng)治中面臨的部落挑戰(zhàn)和實(shí)施的部落舉措。第六章分析了部落因素在利比亞未來發(fā)展各方面中的作用。 可以說,部落因素貫穿利比亞歷史進(jìn)程始終,對國家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、軍事及外交等各方面的發(fā)展都有重要影響。民眾根深蒂固的部落意識使得利比亞始終處于強(qiáng)社會弱國家的狀態(tài),既不利于國家各方面的發(fā)展,也成為外來入侵者可資利用的因素。未來,利比亞民眾的部落身份將繼續(xù)保有,但部落因素在國家發(fā)展中的作用將被弱化。增強(qiáng)統(tǒng)一國家歸屬感,方可舉全國之力建設(shè)新國家。 本文首次揭示了利比亞部落的起源、結(jié)構(gòu)、現(xiàn)狀等基本情況,填補(bǔ)了國內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界對利比亞部落了解的空白；并首次從政治發(fā)展的視角研究利比亞部落這一社會現(xiàn)象,這既與利比亞的實(shí)際情況相吻合,也有助于對利比亞部落問題研究的客觀和深入。
[Abstract]:This paper deals with the tribal factors of the political process in Libya. The first indigenous people in the Libyan territory were in the tribe's survival unit. The terrain condition of the land, the harsh natural environment, the experience of the alien domination and the strong invasion of the Arabs made the social structure of the Ministry finally established in Libya. After that, the tribal factors cross the various stages of the political process in Libya, which interact and interact with each other. Libya was in a number of alien domination before independence. in that most part of Libya, under the rule of a different group, and in the majority of the time before it became a colony, there was a lack of contact between the three local and the respective tribes, and the whole of the tribe was in the form of a scattered, free-form life. In the period of Italian colonial rule, the colonists treated the different parts of Libya and the different tribes, so as to maintain the colonial rule and realize the rule of the rule, and objectively strengthen the tribal meaning of the Libyan people. Identification. After independence, the various parts of the country and the tribes still lack a unified state. The sense of belonging. In the period of the Idriss dynasty, Libya realized the initial construction of the Islamic State, but because of the negative incompetence of the ruler, it was not possible to change the tribal consciousness to be greater than the unity of the national consciousness. The state of the gaddafi's reign. At the early stage of the rule, he wanted to strengthen the national unity of consciousness, to downplay the tribal consciousness, to take the radical revolutionary nationalism to control the country, to abandon the backward "trunk" "tribal hierrchy" . When the ideal is broken, he returns to the tribal rule, carries out the biased tribal policy, and causes the people's grievances, and objectively strengthens the weak state of Libya's strong society." The situation. The outbreak of the Libyan war in 2011 led to the maintenance of the 42-year-old ruling in Libya. The post-defeated people are dead. The tribal factors are not only the deep-seated causes of the war in Libya, but also the war. The influence of the process. After the war, the former strong man's hegemony, the collapse of the high-pressure rule, the whole society Highly fragmented. The tribal conflicts are acute, the conflict continues, and the Security Agency In the current and future period, the state faces the recovery of the economy, the reconstruction of the regime, the stabilization of the society and the formation of regular military forces. The arduous task of the right treatment of the tribal factors and the strengthening of the cultivation of the national consciousness will play a role in the future development of Libya The basic function. In addition to the introduction and the introduction The first chapter is the discussion of the situation of the Libyan tribe, including the origin and present situation, structure and operation mechanism of the Libyan tribe, and the genealogy. The second chapter is the tribal development before the independence of Libya, and discusses the status of the Libyan tribes under the alien domination and the former The influence of the latter on the latter. The main content of the third chapter is the negative series of the King of Idris in the period of the Libyan dynasty. The tribal relation under treatment. The fourth chapter is the rule of Qadhafi's rule. The tribal factor in the change. The tribal factor is not only the cause of the change of Qadhafi's rule, but also its rule. The second chapter discusses the role of tribal factors in the war of Libya and the tribal challenges facing the transitional government. The tribal initiatives implemented. Chapter VI analyses the development of tribal factors in the future of Libya The role in all its aspects can be said to be that the tribal elements throughout the process of the Libyan history have always taken place in all aspects of the political, economic, social, military and diplomatic aspects of the country The development of the people has an important influence. The deep-rooted tribal consciousness of the people makes Libya always in the state of the weak state of the strong society, which is not only for the development of all aspects of the country, but also into the foreign countries. In the future, the tribal identity of the Libyan people will continue, but tribal factors are in the country. The role of the exhibition will be weakened. The first time this paper reveals the origin, structure and present situation of the Libyan tribe, and fills the gap in the understanding of the Libyan tribes in the academic circles of the country, and studies the social phenomenon of the Libyan tribe for the first time from the perspective of political development. The actual situation in Libya is in good agreement with the Libyan Ministry
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D741.3
本文編號：2361748
[Abstract]:This paper deals with the tribal factors of the political process in Libya. The first indigenous people in the Libyan territory were in the tribe's survival unit. The terrain condition of the land, the harsh natural environment, the experience of the alien domination and the strong invasion of the Arabs made the social structure of the Ministry finally established in Libya. After that, the tribal factors cross the various stages of the political process in Libya, which interact and interact with each other. Libya was in a number of alien domination before independence. in that most part of Libya, under the rule of a different group, and in the majority of the time before it became a colony, there was a lack of contact between the three local and the respective tribes, and the whole of the tribe was in the form of a scattered, free-form life. In the period of Italian colonial rule, the colonists treated the different parts of Libya and the different tribes, so as to maintain the colonial rule and realize the rule of the rule, and objectively strengthen the tribal meaning of the Libyan people. Identification. After independence, the various parts of the country and the tribes still lack a unified state. The sense of belonging. In the period of the Idriss dynasty, Libya realized the initial construction of the Islamic State, but because of the negative incompetence of the ruler, it was not possible to change the tribal consciousness to be greater than the unity of the national consciousness. The state of the gaddafi's reign. At the early stage of the rule, he wanted to strengthen the national unity of consciousness, to downplay the tribal consciousness, to take the radical revolutionary nationalism to control the country, to abandon the backward "trunk" "tribal hierrchy" . When the ideal is broken, he returns to the tribal rule, carries out the biased tribal policy, and causes the people's grievances, and objectively strengthens the weak state of Libya's strong society." The situation. The outbreak of the Libyan war in 2011 led to the maintenance of the 42-year-old ruling in Libya. The post-defeated people are dead. The tribal factors are not only the deep-seated causes of the war in Libya, but also the war. The influence of the process. After the war, the former strong man's hegemony, the collapse of the high-pressure rule, the whole society Highly fragmented. The tribal conflicts are acute, the conflict continues, and the Security Agency In the current and future period, the state faces the recovery of the economy, the reconstruction of the regime, the stabilization of the society and the formation of regular military forces. The arduous task of the right treatment of the tribal factors and the strengthening of the cultivation of the national consciousness will play a role in the future development of Libya The basic function. In addition to the introduction and the introduction The first chapter is the discussion of the situation of the Libyan tribe, including the origin and present situation, structure and operation mechanism of the Libyan tribe, and the genealogy. The second chapter is the tribal development before the independence of Libya, and discusses the status of the Libyan tribes under the alien domination and the former The influence of the latter on the latter. The main content of the third chapter is the negative series of the King of Idris in the period of the Libyan dynasty. The tribal relation under treatment. The fourth chapter is the rule of Qadhafi's rule. The tribal factor in the change. The tribal factor is not only the cause of the change of Qadhafi's rule, but also its rule. The second chapter discusses the role of tribal factors in the war of Libya and the tribal challenges facing the transitional government. The tribal initiatives implemented. Chapter VI analyses the development of tribal factors in the future of Libya The role in all its aspects can be said to be that the tribal elements throughout the process of the Libyan history have always taken place in all aspects of the political, economic, social, military and diplomatic aspects of the country The development of the people has an important influence. The deep-rooted tribal consciousness of the people makes Libya always in the state of the weak state of the strong society, which is not only for the development of all aspects of the country, but also into the foreign countries. In the future, the tribal identity of the Libyan people will continue, but tribal factors are in the country. The role of the exhibition will be weakened. The first time this paper reveals the origin, structure and present situation of the Libyan tribe, and fills the gap in the understanding of the Libyan tribes in the academic circles of the country, and studies the social phenomenon of the Libyan tribe for the first time from the perspective of political development. The actual situation in Libya is in good agreement with the Libyan Ministry
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D741.3
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