韓國政黨體系變遷動因與模式研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-13 09:38
【摘要】： 韓國政黨變遷的繁復與西方國家有著極大的不同，不斷擺動的政黨體系是其重要特征，如何看待并描述其過程與模式是韓國學研究的重要課題。本文擬用外部環(huán)境、內(nèi)部因素與制度因素三個層面的體系分析方法來觀察政黨體系的變動，并論證其變遷模式。 從韓國政黨體系的歷史軌跡看，共經(jīng)歷了形成時期、威權(quán)時期、軍人統(tǒng)治時期和民主轉(zhuǎn)型時期等4個時期，政黨體系的變動模式在不同階段表現(xiàn)出迥異的特征。形成時期的國際環(huán)境影響、威權(quán)時期的政治權(quán)威、軍人統(tǒng)治時期的無奈與抗爭、民主轉(zhuǎn)型時期的混亂與延續(xù)，都留下了深深的烙印。 從外因來看，國際體系、特別是南北關(guān)系，即“北風”因素對于韓國“保守一邊倒”政黨體系的形成發(fā)揮了主要作用，確定了政黨體系的發(fā)展方向。而從社會與經(jīng)濟因素來看，地區(qū)主義與階層分化使韓國保守勢力占優(yōu)勢的政黨體系不會在近期內(nèi)發(fā)生大的變化，社會因素的分化和演化使地區(qū)主義擴大的趨勢延續(xù)，韓國政黨體系將會繼續(xù)“保守一邊倒”的動態(tài)變化總趨勢。 從內(nèi)因來看，內(nèi)部單位是推動政黨體系變遷的重要行為體。法律基礎(chǔ)和法律地位，以及政黨組織結(jié)構(gòu)特點都決定了韓國政黨的“個人化”特點和派系的繁盛。韓國的精英和派系客觀上促進了政黨的聚散分合，推動了政黨體系的變化與發(fā)展。在行為方式上，韓國精英政治人多以“權(quán)力依附”、“魅力依附”的方式，派系多依靠“弱合強獨”、“弱聯(lián)強分”的方式推動政黨體系的變化。 從制度層面看，韓國政治規(guī)則的形成、變動和穩(wěn)定是影響政黨體系的重要因素，不斷更改的制度也推動了政黨體系的變革。而總統(tǒng)選舉和國會議員選舉等制度的變遷則體現(xiàn)著政黨體系變遷的體現(xiàn)和時機，，發(fā)揮著間接的，而不是決定性的影響。選舉為政黨體系提供了變化的基本框架，限制了變化的幅度和時間，是觀察政黨變動的重要因素和觀察依據(jù)。 綜合來看，韓國政黨體系的變動是外部環(huán)境與內(nèi)部單位之間存在著結(jié)構(gòu)性關(guān)聯(lián)的政治現(xiàn)象；政黨體系變遷的動力源泉是外部環(huán)境，而推動變化的行為主體是政治人與派系�？梢灶A見，隨著未來環(huán)境因素和主要行為主體將趨于穩(wěn)定，不斷往復于多黨與兩黨體系間的“鐘擺”將停滯下來，政黨體系趨于穩(wěn)定化。
[Abstract]:The complexity of the changes of Korean political parties is very different from that of western countries, and the constantly swinging political party system is its important characteristic. How to view and describe its process and mode is an important subject in the study of Korean studies. This paper intends to observe the changes of the political party system and demonstrate its vicissitude mode by using the system analysis methods of external environment, internal factors and institutional factors. From the historical track of the Korean political party system, it has experienced four periods, namely, the forming period, the authoritarian period, the military rule period and the democratic transition period. The change mode of the political party system shows different characteristics in different stages. The influence of international environment during the formation period, the political authority in the period of authoritarianism, the helplessness and struggle in the period of military rule, and the chaos and continuation in the period of democratic transformation have all left a deep imprint. From the external perspective, the international system, especially the relationship between the north and the south, that is, the "north wind" factor, has played a major role in the formation of the "conservative one-sided" political party system in South Korea, and determined the development direction of the political party system. In terms of social and economic factors, regionalism and stratification make the dominant political party system of conservative forces in Korea unlikely to undergo major changes in the near future, and the differentiation and evolution of social factors continue the trend of regionalism expanding. South Korea's party system will continue to be "conservative one-sided" dynamic trend of change. From the internal cause, the internal unit is an important actor to promote the change of the political party system. The legal basis and legal status, as well as the organizational structure of the political parties, all determine the "individualized" characteristics of the Korean political parties and the prosperity of the factions. South Korea's elite and factions objectively promote the integration of political parties and promote the change and development of the political party system. In terms of behavior, South Korean elite politicians mostly rely on "power dependence" and "charm dependence", and factions rely on "weak combination of strong independence" and "weak alliance of strong points" to promote the change of political party system. From the system level, the formation, change and stability of Korean political rules are the important factors that affect the political party system, and the constantly changing system also promotes the change of the political party system. The changes of the system, such as the presidential election and the Congressional election, reflect the embodiment and timing of the change of the political party system, and play an indirect, not a decisive role. The election provides the basic framework for the change of the political party system, limits the range and time of the change, and is an important factor and basis for observing the change of the political party. In a word, the change of the political party system in Korea is a political phenomenon with structural connection between the external environment and the internal units, and the motive source of the change of the political party system is the external environment, and the main actors driving the change are the political person and the faction. It can be predicted that with the stabilization of environmental factors and main actors in the future, the pendulum between the multi-party system and the two-party system will stagnate and the political party system will become stable.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D731.26
本文編號：2268136
[Abstract]:The complexity of the changes of Korean political parties is very different from that of western countries, and the constantly swinging political party system is its important characteristic. How to view and describe its process and mode is an important subject in the study of Korean studies. This paper intends to observe the changes of the political party system and demonstrate its vicissitude mode by using the system analysis methods of external environment, internal factors and institutional factors. From the historical track of the Korean political party system, it has experienced four periods, namely, the forming period, the authoritarian period, the military rule period and the democratic transition period. The change mode of the political party system shows different characteristics in different stages. The influence of international environment during the formation period, the political authority in the period of authoritarianism, the helplessness and struggle in the period of military rule, and the chaos and continuation in the period of democratic transformation have all left a deep imprint. From the external perspective, the international system, especially the relationship between the north and the south, that is, the "north wind" factor, has played a major role in the formation of the "conservative one-sided" political party system in South Korea, and determined the development direction of the political party system. In terms of social and economic factors, regionalism and stratification make the dominant political party system of conservative forces in Korea unlikely to undergo major changes in the near future, and the differentiation and evolution of social factors continue the trend of regionalism expanding. South Korea's party system will continue to be "conservative one-sided" dynamic trend of change. From the internal cause, the internal unit is an important actor to promote the change of the political party system. The legal basis and legal status, as well as the organizational structure of the political parties, all determine the "individualized" characteristics of the Korean political parties and the prosperity of the factions. South Korea's elite and factions objectively promote the integration of political parties and promote the change and development of the political party system. In terms of behavior, South Korean elite politicians mostly rely on "power dependence" and "charm dependence", and factions rely on "weak combination of strong independence" and "weak alliance of strong points" to promote the change of political party system. From the system level, the formation, change and stability of Korean political rules are the important factors that affect the political party system, and the constantly changing system also promotes the change of the political party system. The changes of the system, such as the presidential election and the Congressional election, reflect the embodiment and timing of the change of the political party system, and play an indirect, not a decisive role. The election provides the basic framework for the change of the political party system, limits the range and time of the change, and is an important factor and basis for observing the change of the political party. In a word, the change of the political party system in Korea is a political phenomenon with structural connection between the external environment and the internal units, and the motive source of the change of the political party system is the external environment, and the main actors driving the change are the political person and the faction. It can be predicted that with the stabilization of environmental factors and main actors in the future, the pendulum between the multi-party system and the two-party system will stagnate and the political party system will become stable.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D731.26
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