自20世紀(jì)60年代以來美國墨裔婦女的發(fā)展變化
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-14 15:19
【摘要】： 在美國,墨裔移民同其他少數(shù)族裔一樣,也是種族歧視的對象,而墨裔婦女遭受的壓迫則更為慘重:一方面是來自英裔美國人為代表的美國主流社會的歧視,另一方面還要受到本民族男人的性別歧視。20世紀(jì)60年代,美國社會迸發(fā)了多種改革運動,尤其是第二次女權(quán)運動,打破了男人一統(tǒng)天下的格局,女性爭取性別平等、反對性別歧視的觀念也觸發(fā)了墨裔婦女對她們所受壓迫——種族壓迫、性別壓迫、階級壓迫——的反抗意識和追求權(quán)利、追求平等的愿望。本文以歷史學(xué)為主要研究視角,同時綜合運用了社會學(xué)、婦女學(xué)等的相關(guān)知識,旨在通過對20世紀(jì)60年代以來美國墨裔婦女自身發(fā)展?fàn)顩r與社會地位變遷的研究,從一個側(cè)面來反映美國西裔婦女的生活狀況,塑造出西裔婦女完整而嶄新的形象,從而透析美國社會的變化。 本文正文分為三部分,以此來分析20世紀(jì)60年代以來美國墨裔婦女的發(fā)展變化,并對其原因進(jìn)行分析: 第一部分為20世紀(jì)60年代以前的美國墨裔婦女,主要對20世紀(jì)60年代以前美國墨裔婦女的觀念、社會生活方面的情況進(jìn)行了簡要回顧,借以為后文提供對比并埋下鋪墊。在墨西哥傳統(tǒng)文化中,女人在社會中無地位可言。隨著大批墨西哥人移民美國,墨裔婦女的觀念開始發(fā)生變化,為后來的變革準(zhǔn)備了條件。 第二部分為奇卡諾運動沖擊下的美國墨裔婦女,主要介紹了隨著奇卡諾運動的進(jìn)行,美國墨裔婦女對轉(zhuǎn)換自身角色的探索。由于傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響、民族利益與個人利益的抉擇以及對白人女權(quán)運動的疑慮,奇卡諾運動起初并沒能得到絕大多數(shù)美國墨裔婦女的響應(yīng)。然而,隨著運動的深入,越來越多墨裔婦女開始為改變自身地位與狀況而加入到奇卡諾運動中。第一屆全國奇卡那會議標(biāo)志著奇卡那運動的開始。美國墨裔人法律辯護(hù)與教育基金會(MALDEF)推出的奇卡那權(quán)利計劃(CRP)使全體美國人注意到處于邊緣地位的美國墨裔婦女,在確保墨裔婦女取得就業(yè)、保健、居住、照看孩子等方面的平等權(quán)利問題上邁出了重要的步伐。一系列示威游行活動使大批美國墨裔女學(xué)生、女工人的愿望得到了部分實現(xiàn),從而一定程度上改變了她們的地位。隨著奇卡那運動的進(jìn)行,墨裔婦女逐漸界定出自己的女權(quán)主義觀點,將白人女權(quán)主義所否認(rèn)的種族壓迫、等級壓迫囊括其中。 第三部分為20世紀(jì)60年代以來美國墨裔婦女社會地位的發(fā)展變化,主要闡述20世紀(jì)60年代以來美國墨裔婦女在就業(yè)、教育及家庭地位方面的變化,并對其原因進(jìn)行分析說明。奇卡諾及后來的奇卡那運動使美國墨裔婦女在就業(yè)、教育、家庭等方面出現(xiàn)了一些新變化,與以前相比有了一定的進(jìn)步。然而,她們的總體情況仍然十分落后。
[Abstract]:In the United States, Mexican immigrants, like other minorities, are the target of racial discrimination, and Mexican women suffer even more: on the one hand, discrimination from the mainstream American society represented by British Americans. On the other hand, because of the sexism of the men of their own nation. In the 1960s, a variety of reform movements broke out in American society, especially the second feminist movement, which broke the pattern of men dominating the world, and women fought for gender equality. The concept of anti-sexism also triggered the resistance of Mexican women to their oppression-racial oppression, gender oppression, class oppression-and the desire to pursue rights and equality. This paper takes the history as the main research angle, at the same time synthetically uses the sociology, the women's science and so on related knowledge, through the research to the American Mexican American woman's own development condition and the social status change since the 1960s. It reflects the living conditions of American Hispanic women from one side, and shapes the complete and brand-new image of Hispanic women, so as to analyze the changes of American society. The text of this paper is divided into three parts to analyze the development and changes of American Mexican women since 1960s, and analyze the reasons: the first part is American Mexican women before 1960s. This paper mainly reviews the concept and social life of American Mexican women before the 1960s, in order to provide a contrast and lay the groundwork for the following articles. In traditional Mexican culture, women have no place in society. As a large number of Mexicans emigrated to the United States, the concept of Mexican women began to change, setting the stage for later changes. The second part is American Mexican women under the impact of Chikano Movement. It mainly introduces the American Mexican women's exploration of changing their roles with the development of Chikano Movement. Because of the influence of traditional ideas, the choice between national and personal interests, and the doubt of white feminist movement, the Chikano movement did not get the response of the overwhelming majority of American Mexican women at first. However, with the deepening of the movement, more and more Mexican women began to join the Chikano Movement in order to change their status and status. The first National Chikana Conference marked the beginning of the Chikana movement. The Chikana Rights Program (CRP), launched by the American Foundation for legal Defence and Education (MALDEF), draws the attention of all Americans to the marginalized American Mexican women who are ensuring that Mexican women have access to employment, health care, and residence. Important steps have been taken on the issue of equal rights in the area of child care. A series of demonstrations partially fulfilled the aspirations of a large number of American Mexican schoolgirls and women workers, thus changing their status to some extent. With the development of Chikana Movement, Mexican women gradually defined their feminist views, including racial oppression denied by white feminism, and hierarchical oppression. The third part is the development and change of American Mexican women's social status since 1960s. It mainly expounds the changes of American Mexican women's employment, education and family status since 1960s, and analyzes the reasons. Chikano and later Chikana Movement made some new changes in employment, education, family and other aspects of American Mexican women. However, their overall situation is still very backward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D771.2
本文編號：2243090
[Abstract]:In the United States, Mexican immigrants, like other minorities, are the target of racial discrimination, and Mexican women suffer even more: on the one hand, discrimination from the mainstream American society represented by British Americans. On the other hand, because of the sexism of the men of their own nation. In the 1960s, a variety of reform movements broke out in American society, especially the second feminist movement, which broke the pattern of men dominating the world, and women fought for gender equality. The concept of anti-sexism also triggered the resistance of Mexican women to their oppression-racial oppression, gender oppression, class oppression-and the desire to pursue rights and equality. This paper takes the history as the main research angle, at the same time synthetically uses the sociology, the women's science and so on related knowledge, through the research to the American Mexican American woman's own development condition and the social status change since the 1960s. It reflects the living conditions of American Hispanic women from one side, and shapes the complete and brand-new image of Hispanic women, so as to analyze the changes of American society. The text of this paper is divided into three parts to analyze the development and changes of American Mexican women since 1960s, and analyze the reasons: the first part is American Mexican women before 1960s. This paper mainly reviews the concept and social life of American Mexican women before the 1960s, in order to provide a contrast and lay the groundwork for the following articles. In traditional Mexican culture, women have no place in society. As a large number of Mexicans emigrated to the United States, the concept of Mexican women began to change, setting the stage for later changes. The second part is American Mexican women under the impact of Chikano Movement. It mainly introduces the American Mexican women's exploration of changing their roles with the development of Chikano Movement. Because of the influence of traditional ideas, the choice between national and personal interests, and the doubt of white feminist movement, the Chikano movement did not get the response of the overwhelming majority of American Mexican women at first. However, with the deepening of the movement, more and more Mexican women began to join the Chikano Movement in order to change their status and status. The first National Chikana Conference marked the beginning of the Chikana movement. The Chikana Rights Program (CRP), launched by the American Foundation for legal Defence and Education (MALDEF), draws the attention of all Americans to the marginalized American Mexican women who are ensuring that Mexican women have access to employment, health care, and residence. Important steps have been taken on the issue of equal rights in the area of child care. A series of demonstrations partially fulfilled the aspirations of a large number of American Mexican schoolgirls and women workers, thus changing their status to some extent. With the development of Chikana Movement, Mexican women gradually defined their feminist views, including racial oppression denied by white feminism, and hierarchical oppression. The third part is the development and change of American Mexican women's social status since 1960s. It mainly expounds the changes of American Mexican women's employment, education and family status since 1960s, and analyzes the reasons. Chikano and later Chikana Movement made some new changes in employment, education, family and other aspects of American Mexican women. However, their overall situation is still very backward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D771.2
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1 孫鶴;自20世紀(jì)60年代以來美國墨裔婦女的發(fā)展變化[D];山東師范大學(xué);2009年
，本文編號：2243090
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