美國國家安全顧問的角色矛盾原因分析（1953-2005）
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-06 19:43
【摘要】：美國國家安全顧問,起源于1947年國家安全法案。由此美國建立起跨機構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)組織,協(xié)助并建議總統(tǒng),涉及國內(nèi)、國外、軍事、經(jīng)濟上的國家安全政策,以期促使軍隊與其他機構(gòu)部門有效合作。自從其成立之日起,美國國家安全顧問成為美國國內(nèi)外安全政策制定的核心人物之一。本文基于歷史文獻和角色理論,分析導(dǎo)致美國國家安全顧問角色矛盾的起因。主要歷史文獻來自訪談記錄,國會報告以及其他書籍論文。本文從社會學(xué)角度出發(fā),比較陌生人社會與熟人社會的社會關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò),研究美國政治機制背后的人的因素。進而,前者的矛盾因素轉(zhuǎn)化為組織設(shè)計上的矛盾,體現(xiàn)在組織結(jié)構(gòu)以及組織功能兩方面上。最后,靜態(tài)的矛盾轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌袚?dān)角色的個體與角色現(xiàn)實要求之間的動態(tài)矛盾。最終得出結(jié)論,美國國家安全顧問的角色矛盾,是在以法律為核心的社會機制與以總統(tǒng)為核心的白宮精英團體機制的背景下產(chǎn)生的。在這二者的相互碰撞下,國家安全顧問的角色矛盾體現(xiàn)在沖突矛盾的組織結(jié)構(gòu)與組織功能設(shè)計,受總統(tǒng)與官僚間的矛盾推動,并面臨著角色的實際履行中的現(xiàn)實挑戰(zhàn)。因此,其角色矛盾是源自總統(tǒng)的權(quán)力斗爭,并且其矛盾強度受特定歷史條件影響。美國總統(tǒng)掌握外交政策制定的最終決定權(quán),不同政府的國家安全委員會的組織與影響力也不相同,從組織嚴(yán)密、程序正式到僅僅只是專家的松散聯(lián)系。然而,國家安全顧問在跨機構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用,本研究將會因此具有現(xiàn)實意義與理論意義。
[Abstract]:National Security adviser who originated in the 1947 National Security Act. As a result, the United States established an inter-agency coordination organization to assist and advise the President on national security policies at home, abroad, military and economic, with a view to promoting effective cooperation between the military and other agencies. Since its founding, the National Security adviser has been one of the central players in domestic and foreign security policy making. Based on historical literature and role theory, this paper analyzes the causes of the contradiction in the role of National Security adviser. The main historical literature comes from interview notes, congressional reports, and other book papers. From the angle of sociology, this paper compares the social networks between strangers and acquaintances, and studies the human factors behind American political mechanism. Furthermore, the contradiction factor of the former is transformed into the contradiction in organizational design, which is embodied in two aspects: organizational structure and organizational function. Finally, the static contradiction is transformed into the dynamic contradiction between the individual who undertakes the role and the realistic requirement of the role. Finally, it is concluded that the contradiction of the role of the National Security adviser of the United States is under the background of the social mechanism with the law as the core and the White House elite group mechanism with the president as the core. Under the collision of the two, the contradiction of the role of national security adviser is embodied in the conflicting organizational structure and organizational function design, which is promoted by the contradiction between the president and the bureaucrats, and is facing the realistic challenge in the actual performance of the role. Therefore, the contradiction of its role originates from the power struggle of the president, and its intensity is influenced by certain historical conditions. The President of the United States has the final say in the formulation of foreign policy, and the organization and influence of the National Security Council of different governments are different, ranging from tightly organized, formalized procedures to just loose links of experts. However, the National Security adviser plays a key role in cross-agency coordination, so this study will be of practical and theoretical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D771.2
本文編號：2168796
[Abstract]:National Security adviser who originated in the 1947 National Security Act. As a result, the United States established an inter-agency coordination organization to assist and advise the President on national security policies at home, abroad, military and economic, with a view to promoting effective cooperation between the military and other agencies. Since its founding, the National Security adviser has been one of the central players in domestic and foreign security policy making. Based on historical literature and role theory, this paper analyzes the causes of the contradiction in the role of National Security adviser. The main historical literature comes from interview notes, congressional reports, and other book papers. From the angle of sociology, this paper compares the social networks between strangers and acquaintances, and studies the human factors behind American political mechanism. Furthermore, the contradiction factor of the former is transformed into the contradiction in organizational design, which is embodied in two aspects: organizational structure and organizational function. Finally, the static contradiction is transformed into the dynamic contradiction between the individual who undertakes the role and the realistic requirement of the role. Finally, it is concluded that the contradiction of the role of the National Security adviser of the United States is under the background of the social mechanism with the law as the core and the White House elite group mechanism with the president as the core. Under the collision of the two, the contradiction of the role of national security adviser is embodied in the conflicting organizational structure and organizational function design, which is promoted by the contradiction between the president and the bureaucrats, and is facing the realistic challenge in the actual performance of the role. Therefore, the contradiction of its role originates from the power struggle of the president, and its intensity is influenced by certain historical conditions. The President of the United States has the final say in the formulation of foreign policy, and the organization and influence of the National Security Council of different governments are different, ranging from tightly organized, formalized procedures to just loose links of experts. However, the National Security adviser plays a key role in cross-agency coordination, so this study will be of practical and theoretical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D771.2
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