【摘要】： 20世紀(jì)80年代中期,伴隨著第三波民主化浪潮的余波,以蘇聯(lián)為首的二十多個(gè)東歐社會(huì)主義國(guó)家紛紛走上民主化轉(zhuǎn)型之路。而以蘇聯(lián)的解體為前提的俄羅斯民主化轉(zhuǎn)型尤為引人注目,它引起俄羅斯社會(huì)的巨大震蕩,經(jīng)濟(jì)幾乎陷入崩潰,百姓的生活水平急劇下滑,付出了巨大的代價(jià)。人們?cè)谡痼@之余,開(kāi)始不斷反思俄羅斯民主化之路。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者紛紛著書(shū)立說(shuō),試圖對(duì)俄羅斯民主化作出或批判、或借鑒、或結(jié)論的說(shuō)明。可以說(shuō),俄羅斯的民主化經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)于任何一個(gè)處于轉(zhuǎn)型期的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō),都具有無(wú)比重要的價(jià)值。而本文的寫(xiě)作則選擇了最能反映俄羅斯獨(dú)特之處的傳統(tǒng)政治文化的維度,即俄羅斯獨(dú)具特色的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值理念的視角,對(duì)其民主化進(jìn)程軌跡的內(nèi)在邏輯給予一定的分析與解釋,希望對(duì)中國(guó)的改革進(jìn)程能夠提供有益的啟示。 本文首先對(duì)于俄羅斯民主化的動(dòng)因、方式、路徑及其內(nèi)在邏輯給予了全景式的闡釋,使得本文對(duì)于俄羅斯的民主化有了一個(gè)全局的把握。在論述過(guò)程中,尤其在思考俄羅斯最獨(dú)具特色的傳統(tǒng)政治文化的內(nèi)核時(shí)感覺(jué)到,俄羅斯人在對(duì)自由主義認(rèn)識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程中,以及從對(duì)“可控民主”的默認(rèn)到主動(dòng)提出“主權(quán)民主”的概念,一種對(duì)于國(guó)家的認(rèn)知觀念在其中發(fā)揮著巨大的作用。從其民主化第一階段的自由主義民主的取向,到第二階段的權(quán)威主義轉(zhuǎn)向,再到普京提出“俄羅斯思想”中“復(fù)興”俄羅斯大國(guó)地位的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的提出,無(wú)不體現(xiàn)出俄羅斯人的國(guó)家觀念對(duì)于國(guó)家發(fā)展的一種質(zhì)的追求。俄羅斯創(chuàng)建的以總統(tǒng)為核心的三權(quán)分立制度,即超級(jí)總統(tǒng)制,而普京則更進(jìn)一步,使國(guó)家強(qiáng)權(quán)成為俄羅斯政治、社會(huì)生活中不可撼動(dòng)的權(quán)威,也正是這一追求的最好體現(xiàn)。這在某種程度上證明了,俄羅斯傳統(tǒng)政治文化的歷史慣性作用的客觀存在�？梢�(jiàn),俄羅斯民主化所遇到的內(nèi)在困境即是俄羅斯傳統(tǒng)政治文化與西方自由主義民主價(jià)值理念之間的沖突,因此要實(shí)現(xiàn)其民主化的發(fā)展,首先要在已有的政治制度上進(jìn)一步完善,其次通過(guò)發(fā)展自己的公民社會(huì)構(gòu)建民主的政治文化,從這兩方面著手來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)其民主的鞏固與進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。因此本文選取了俄羅斯的國(guó)家觀念、俄羅斯政治制度的創(chuàng)建與完善和公民社會(huì)三個(gè)點(diǎn),對(duì)俄羅斯民主化進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的闡釋,希望能取得預(yù)期的效果。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 1980s, with the third wave of democratization, more than 20 socialist countries in Eastern Europe, led by the Soviet Union, embarked on the road of democratization and transformation. The transition of Russian democratization, based on the disintegration of the Soviet Union, is particularly striking. It has caused a great shock to the Russian society, the economy has almost collapsed, and the living standards of the common people have fallen sharply and paid a huge price. People in shock, began to reflect on the road to democratization in Russia. Scholars at home and abroad have written books, trying to make or criticize the democratization of Russia, or draw lessons from it, or explain the conclusion. It can be said that Russia's experience of democratization is of great value to any country in transition. In this paper, the author chooses the dimension of traditional political culture which can best reflect the uniqueness of Russia, that is, the perspective of Russia's unique traditional value concept, and gives a certain analysis and explanation to the internal logic of its democratic process. It is hoped that it will provide useful enlightenment to China's reform process. This paper first gives a panoramic explanation of the causes, ways, paths and internal logic of Russian democratization, which makes this paper have a comprehensive grasp of Russian democratization. In the course of the discussion, especially when thinking about the core of Russia's most unique traditional political culture, it is felt that the Russian people are changing their understanding of liberalism. And from the acquiescence of "controllable democracy" to putting forward the concept of "sovereign democracy", a kind of cognitive concept of state plays a great role in it. From the orientation of liberal democracy in the first stage of democratization to the turn of authoritarianism in the second stage, to Putin's strategic goal of "reviving" Russia's status as a major power in "Russian thought," All reflect the Russian national concept of the national development of a germplasm pursuit. The system of separation of powers with the president as the core, namely the super presidential system, was created by Russia, and Putin went further, making the power of the state become the unshakable authority in Russian politics and social life, which is the best embodiment of this pursuit. To some extent, this proves that the historical inertia of Russian traditional political culture exists objectively. It can be seen that the inherent dilemma of Russian democratization is the conflict between Russian traditional political culture and western liberal democratic values, so it is necessary to realize the development of Russian democratization. First of all, we should further improve the existing political system, second, through the development of our own civil society to build a democratic political culture, from these two aspects to achieve the consolidation and further development of its democracy. Therefore, this paper selects Russia's national concept, the establishment and perfection of Russian political system and civil society to further explain the democratization of Russia, hoping to achieve the desired results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D751.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 陶林;轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期俄羅斯利益集團(tuán)政治參與研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2011年

2 姚亮;中國(guó)民主化進(jìn)程中的社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究[D];中共中央黨校;2010年

3 張?jiān)诜?俄羅斯勞動(dòng)法利益平衡理念的實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2161668