本文選題：蘇聯(lián)模式 + “新思維”改革��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：蘇東劇變是上世紀(jì)人類歷史上的重大事件，更是世界社會主義運(yùn)動史上世紀(jì)性的悲劇。二十多年來，國際學(xué)術(shù)界從不同的領(lǐng)域、不同視角對蘇東劇變問題進(jìn)行了分析和研究，并取得了豐富的理論研究成果。本文旨在運(yùn)用馬克思主義辯證唯物主義、歷史唯物主義的基本觀點和科學(xué)社會主義的理論，通過研究蘇聯(lián)模式的歷史演進(jìn)，來梳理蘇聯(lián)從建立到解體七十四年間的歷史脈絡(luò)、制度沿革、改革進(jìn)程，社會變化，系統(tǒng)分析蘇聯(lián)解體對國際政治格局以及國際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動和世界社會主義事業(yè)的深遠(yuǎn)影響，探討蘇聯(lián)解體的制度因素、歷史因素、政策因素、國際因素、民族因素、思想因素、社會因素等諸多方面，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，以史為鏡，，總結(jié)蘇聯(lián)解體以及蘇聯(lián)模式失敗對我們黨和國家的建設(shè)事業(yè)的教訓(xùn)和啟發(fā)。對蘇聯(lián)解體原因、教訓(xùn)的研究本就具有重要的理論意義和深刻的現(xiàn)實意義，從蘇聯(lián)解體的教訓(xùn)中，我們認(rèn)識到了全面科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確地把握馬克思主義科學(xué)社會主義理論的重要性，系統(tǒng)認(rèn)真地學(xué)習(xí)馬列主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想和科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，樹立和堅定社會主義理想信念；從實際出發(fā)，實事求是，結(jié)合本國的具體國情，堅持走出一條具有本國特色的社會主義建設(shè)道路。解決好馬克思主義本土化的路徑與機(jī)制問題；警惕全盤西化和民主主義的侵蝕，防止西方的“和平演變”，加強(qiáng)思想教育工作，堅定對社會主義的信仰；不斷加強(qiáng)執(zhí)政黨建設(shè)和政府職能的變革，高度重視黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和建設(shè)，高度重視意識形態(tài)領(lǐng)域的工作，加強(qiáng)黨的思想建設(shè)；毫不動搖地堅持科學(xué)社會主義基本理論，并結(jié)合我國具體實際、具體國情，堅定不移地走出一條具有中國特色的社會主義道路。文章首先從列寧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的偉大的十月革命開始，對列寧的“一國勝利理論”、以及“戰(zhàn)時共產(chǎn)主義”與“新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策”的實施、影響和弊端進(jìn)行論述；對斯大林時期形成的高度集中的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制——蘇聯(lián)模式的運(yùn)行、成就和歷史作用做出了深刻的分析；第二章全面系統(tǒng)的探究赫魯曉夫、勃列日涅夫、安德羅波夫與契爾年科執(zhí)政時期奉行的思想理論體系、以及以此為依據(jù)進(jìn)行的改革、外交政策；第三章對戈爾巴喬夫時期的“新思維”改革，從理論、改革背景、改革內(nèi)容及其影響各個方面作了全面細(xì)致的分析；第四章對蘇聯(lián)解體的原因、影響和教訓(xùn)進(jìn)行了客觀公正的分析總結(jié)，尤其對蘇東劇變的原因透析方面，本文全面總結(jié)了原蘇聯(lián)學(xué)者和政治家、西方歐美學(xué)者以及我們理論界對該問題的研究狀況，并從蘇聯(lián)解體的教訓(xùn)中，得出了關(guān)于社會主義改革與建設(shè)的幾點理論思考；最后一章進(jìn)一步論述了后蘇聯(lián)時代在葉利欽、普京和梅德韋杰夫執(zhí)政時期的俄羅斯政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The dramatic changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe are the major events in the human history of the last century and the tragedy of the socialist movement in the world. In the past twenty years, the international academic circles have analyzed and studied the problem of the drastic changes of the Soviet Union and the East from different fields and different perspectives, and obtained abundant theoretical research results. The purpose of this paper is to use the basic viewpoints of Marxist dialectical materialism, historical materialism and the theory of scientific socialism, through studying the historical evolution of the Soviet model, to sort out the historical context of the Soviet Union from its establishment to its disintegration 74 years ago. System evolution, reform process, social change, systematic analysis of the profound influence of the disintegration of the Soviet Union on the international political pattern, the international communist movement and the cause of socialism in the world, and the discussion of the institutional factors, historical factors and policy factors of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, International factors, national factors, ideological factors, social factors and so on, and on this basis, based on the history as a mirror, summed up the Soviet Union's disintegration and the failure of the Soviet model to our party and the cause of national construction lessons and inspiration. The study of the causes of the disintegration of the Soviet Union is of great theoretical and practical significance. From the lessons of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, we have realized the importance of grasping the scientific socialism theory of Marxism in an all-round and scientific way. Systematically and conscientiously study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping theory, the important thought of "three represents" and the scientific outlook on development, establish and firm socialist ideal and belief, proceed from reality, seek truth from facts, combine with the specific national conditions of our country, Stick to the road of socialist construction with national characteristics. To solve the problem of the path and mechanism of localization of Marxism, to guard against the total westernization and the erosion of democracy, to prevent the "peaceful evolution" of the West, to strengthen ideological education, and to strengthen the belief in socialism; We should constantly strengthen the building of the ruling party and the transformation of government functions, attach great importance to the leadership and construction of the party, attach great importance to the work in the ideological field, and strengthen the ideological construction of the party; and unswervingly adhere to the basic theory of scientific socialism. Combined with our country's concrete reality and specific national conditions, we will unswervingly walk out a socialist road with Chinese characteristics. The article begins with Lenin's great October Revolution and discusses Lenin's theory of "one country victory", the implementation, influence and malpractice of "wartime communism" and "new economic policy". It makes a profound analysis of the operation, achievements and historical role of the highly centralized political and economic system-Soviet model formed in Stalin's time. Chapter two comprehensively and systematically explores Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Brezhnev, The ideological and theoretical system pursued by Andropov and Chernenko during their reign, and the reform of foreign policy based on this, the third chapter discusses the reform of "new thinking" in Gorbachev's time from the perspective of theory and reform background. The content of the reform and its impact on all aspects of the comprehensive and detailed analysis; the fourth chapter of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the impact and lessons of an objective and impartial analysis and summary, especially on the causes of the dramatic changes in the Soviet Union and East dialysis, This paper summarizes the research status of the former Soviet scholars and politicians, western scholars in Europe and the United States, as well as our theorists, and draws some theoretical reflections on socialist reform and construction from the lessons of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The last chapter further discusses the political and economic development of Russia in the post-Soviet era under Yeltsin, Putin and Medvedev.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D751.2

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