發(fā)布時間：2018-06-21 20:46

  本文選題：中亞 + 現(xiàn)代民族過程　； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2007年博士論文

【摘要】：“民族過程”是前蘇聯(lián)學(xué)術(shù)界最先使用的一個學(xué)術(shù)概念。本文以相關(guān)的歷史文獻為主要資料，廣泛吸收前蘇聯(lián)、俄羅斯、中亞及我國學(xué)者的研究成果。在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合田野考查所獲得的第一手資料，運用民族過程理論對中亞的現(xiàn)代民族過程進行研究，其中重點是對沙皇俄國統(tǒng)治時期，以及20世紀20年代中亞進行民族劃界并成立五個民族國家時期的民族過程進行綜合研究。在歷時性的原則下，通過對中亞民族形成及演變過程有重大影響的具有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的史事的分析，論證中亞民族形成、發(fā)展、變化等的特點，從中探索歸納現(xiàn)代民族形成的普遍規(guī)律。 通過對問題的研究，可以得出如下認識：中亞的民族過程是民族分化過程和民族聯(lián)合過程交替進行的過程。在現(xiàn)代民族過程中，俄國對中亞的兼并，在中亞統(tǒng)一政權(quán)的確立，結(jié)束了中亞歸并于俄國前三汗國分立的局面，客觀上使得中亞經(jīng)濟、文化及政治等方面的發(fā)展有了一個新的局面，促進了各民族間的接近與聚合。資本主義關(guān)系在中亞工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域的出現(xiàn)，使中亞各民族進入了現(xiàn)代民族過程。但沙皇俄國的殖民政策又阻礙了這一過程的進一步發(fā)展。 20世紀20—30年代中亞地區(qū)進行了史無前例的“民族劃界”，最終劃分出了烏茲別克、土庫曼、哈薩克、吉爾吉斯、塔吉克等民族，并據(jù)此迅速組建成了5個民族加盟共和國，使中亞地區(qū)族稱混亂、民族居住區(qū)域混雜的狀況有所改觀。這是中亞現(xiàn)代民族過程中的一個具有里程碑意義的重要歷史事件，對中亞的現(xiàn)代民族過程產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。它喚醒了民族意識，促進了民族文化的形成和發(fā)展，，促進了當(dāng)?shù)孛褡寰用窠Y(jié)構(gòu)的有益改善，提高了這些民族的地位，滿足了他們不斷增長的民族自尊心，促進了民族的復(fù)興，為中亞各民族聚合成社會主義民族創(chuàng)造了有利的條件，加速了這一地區(qū)的民族聚合過程。同時，五個民族國家的建立阻止了“泛突厥主義”和“泛伊斯蘭主義”思潮在中亞的蔓延。中亞民族國家的劃界及建立使這一地區(qū)獲得了暫時的穩(wěn)定，但分散、錯雜的民族區(qū)域無法使民族問題得到合理解決，并成為這一地區(qū)各種緊張和沖突的策源地，直至今日。 對此事件有不同的評價。正面的觀點認為，民族劃界及民族國家的建立是中亞各民族自由意愿的表達和共產(chǎn)黨民族政策的勝利。反面的觀點認為，民族劃界及民族國家的建立完全不符合中亞當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史傳統(tǒng)，不符合中亞的歷史發(fā)展規(guī)律。建立新的民族國家的具體方案是在塔什干和莫斯科的辦公室里秘密做出的，是出于政治目的。還有更形象的表述，稱中亞民族是“斯大林民族政策的大錘在被毀滅的文明殘骸上打造出的新民族”。 總之，19世紀下半葉中亞歸并于俄國拉開了中亞現(xiàn)代民族過程的帷幕。沙皇俄國統(tǒng)治時期的中亞民族過程是在俄國實行殖民政策的條件下進行的。因此，沙皇俄國對中亞各個民族的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響，使中亞經(jīng)濟、政治、文化等各個方面都留下了深刻的俄羅斯痕跡。而20世紀20年代進行的中亞民族國家劃界及成立民族國家是莫斯科以蘇維埃形式繼續(xù)殖民的巨大成功。但它又為這些共和國日后脫離蘇聯(lián)，成為主權(quán)國家奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 綜而言之，全文試圖說明這樣一個觀點：以筆者之見，民族過程就是民族產(chǎn)生、發(fā)育、成熟的過程，這個過程可以是一個自然的過程，在一定程度上，也可以因人為的操縱而改變其過程和方向。
[Abstract]:The "national process" is one of the first academic concepts used by the former Soviet Union. This article, based on the relevant historical documents, extensively absorbed the achievements of the former Soviet Union, Russia, Central Asia and Chinese scholars. On this basis, it combines the first-hand materials obtained by the field examination and uses the national process theory to the modern people in Central Asia. The process is studied, with the emphasis on the comprehensive study of the period of the Czar Russian rule, the national demarcation in Central Asia in 1920s and the establishment of the national process of the five national states. Under the principle of diachronic, the analysis of the historical events which have great influence on the formation and evolution of the Central Asian nations, The characteristics of the formation, development and change of the Central Asian nationalities are demonstrated, and the general law of the formation of modern nationalities is explored.
Through the study of the problems, we can draw the following understanding: the national process of Central Asia is the process of the process of ethnic differentiation and the alternation of national union process. In the process of modern nationalities, the merger of Russia to Central Asia and the establishment of a unified regime in Central Asia ended the separation of Central Asia from the former three khanates in Russia, and objectively made Central Asia. The development of economic, cultural and political aspects had a new situation, which promoted the proximity and polymerization of all ethnic groups. The emergence of capitalist relations in the industrial and agricultural fields of Central Asia made the various ethnic groups of Central Asia enter the modern national process. But the colonial policy of Czar Russia hinders the further development of this process.
From 20 to 30s twentieth Century, the Central Asian region carried out the unprecedented "national demarcation", and finally divided the Uzbek, Turkmenistan, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik and other ethnic groups, and then built up the 5 ethnic republics in a rapid group, which made the ethnic groups in Central Asia chaotic, and the state of ethnic residence was mixed. This is central Asia. A landmark important historical event in the process of the modern nation has a significant influence on the modern national process in Central Asia. It has awakened the national consciousness, promoted the formation and development of the national culture, promoted the beneficial improvement of the local population structure, raised the status of these nationalities and met the increasing number of them. The long national pride has promoted the rejuvenation of the nation, created favorable conditions for the people of Central Asia to aggregate into a socialist nation, and accelerated the process of ethnic aggregation in this region. At the same time, the establishment of the five ethnic states prevented the spread of "pan Turkism" and "Pan Islamic principle" in Central Asia. Demarcation and establishment have made this region a temporary stability, but the scattered, mixed ethnic areas can not make a reasonable solution to the ethnic problems and become the source of various tensions and conflicts in the region until this day.
There is a different evaluation of this event. The positive point of view is that national demarcation and the establishment of national state are the expression of the free will of all ethnic groups in Central Asia and the victory of the national policy of the Communist Party. The negative view holds that the national demarcation and the establishment of national state are completely inconsistent with the local historical traditions of Central Asia and do not conform to the law of the development of Central Asia. The concrete plans for the establishment of a new national state were made secretly in the offices of Tashkent and Moscow for political purposes. There was a more vivid description of the Central Asian nation as "a new nation created by the hammer of Stalin's national policy on the wreckage of the destroyed civilization".
In the second half of nineteenth Century, Central Asia merged in Russia and opened the curtain of the modern national process of Central Asia. The national process of Central Asia during the reign of the Czar was carried out under the conditions of Russian colonial policy. Therefore, the Czar Russia has a profound influence on the development of various ethnic groups in Central Asia, and makes the economy, politics, culture of Central Asia, and so on. In 1920s, the demarcation of the Central Asian national state and the establishment of a national state were the great success of the continued colonization of Moscow in the form of Soviet, but it laid the foundation for the republics to leave the Soviet Union and become a sovereign state in the future.
In summary, the full text attempts to explain the view that, in my opinion, national process is the process of national generation, development and maturity. This process can be a natural process, and to a certain extent, the process and direction can be changed by the manipulation of people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D736

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 易明;蘇聯(lián)民族過程理論述評[J];中央民族大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);1988年02期

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