本文選題：民族國家 + 民族主義��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：歐洲是民族主義的搖籃,也是一體化進(jìn)程取得突破性發(fā)展的地區(qū)。當(dāng)前歐洲一體化從歐洲共同體發(fā)展到了歐盟的新階段,然而因?yàn)楫?dāng)前歐洲面臨的多重危機(jī)和種種困境,歐債危機(jī)和難民危機(jī)等使民族主義正在走向極端化,反移民、反穆斯林等極度排外情緒蔓延,極右翼政黨在歐洲崛起,英國脫離歐盟極大地打擊了其他歐盟成員國對(duì)歐洲一體化的信心。本文以民族主義因素為切入點(diǎn),試圖分析當(dāng)前歐盟在一體化進(jìn)程中面臨的阻礙與挑戰(zhàn),主要分為緒論、正文和結(jié)語三部分。第一章是緒論,結(jié)合理論、歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)闡述選題意義、論文目的、文獻(xiàn)綜述以及研究方法等,重點(diǎn)通過研究主旨和創(chuàng)新性說明,闡明了本文的立論基礎(chǔ)和邏輯思路。第二章主要闡述了概念界定,包括民族、民族主義、超國家主義等,筆者將對(duì)民族、民族主義以及超國家主義相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的梳理,在借鑒學(xué)術(shù)界研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,歸納總結(jié)出民族主義理論和超國家主義的核心觀點(diǎn)和主張,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,完成對(duì)基礎(chǔ)理論的構(gòu)建。民族的概念與特定的人類群體有關(guān),它的成員們有著共同的生活地域、歷史傳統(tǒng)、語言文化等等,結(jié)合成一體,對(duì)這個(gè)整體懷有赤誠的熱愛與擁護(hù)。而民族主義是一種基于民族意識(shí)的對(duì)民族最高的忠誠和愛戴。第三章,主要用歷史分析法從縱向視角歸納和分析民族主義在歐洲的演進(jìn)。一般來講,歐洲民族主義在歷史上的發(fā)展過程可分為三個(gè)比較大的階段:首先是從中世紀(jì)到法國大革命之前,是歐洲民族國家的萌芽和民族主義的孕育階段,歐洲各個(gè)主要國家都在從中世紀(jì)的等級(jí)君主制向絕對(duì)主義的王朝國家轉(zhuǎn)變;然后是從1789年法國大革命開始到第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束這一段時(shí)期,是歐洲民族國家的發(fā)展與民族主義的迅速膨脹階段,掀起了民族國家爭(zhēng)取民族獨(dú)立、國家統(tǒng)一的浪潮,然而民族主義逐漸走向極端化,殘酷戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)從歐洲席卷全世界;第三個(gè)階段是二戰(zhàn)后從歐共體到歐盟的發(fā)展時(shí)期,歐洲民族國家為了民族利益,選擇聯(lián)合自保,抑制民族主義極端化,然而期間歐洲一體化進(jìn)程也經(jīng)歷過民族主義的重重阻礙。第四章,主要探討當(dāng)前民族主義對(duì)歐洲一體化的影響。民族主義強(qiáng)調(diào)民族利益和國家國家的首要性,在一定情況下能夠推動(dòng)歐洲各國為了民族國家的利益而合作共贏,共同促進(jìn)一體化進(jìn)程的發(fā)展,在極端化的情況下又過分追求各自的利益,引起摩擦、矛盾與沖突,阻礙了成員國對(duì)歐洲一體化的支持與認(rèn)同。比如近些年來歐債危機(jī)、難民危機(jī)、極右翼政黨的崛起以及英國脫離歐盟等重大現(xiàn)象。第五章結(jié)語部分在總結(jié)了全文的基本內(nèi)容和主要觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)歐洲一體化和民族主義的未來發(fā)展提出了自己的看法。
[Abstract]:Europe is the cradle of nationalism and the region where the integration process has made a breakthrough. The current European integration has developed from the European Community to a new stage of the European Union. However, because of the multiple crises and difficulties facing Europe, the European debt crisis and the refugee crisis are making nationalism extreme and anti-immigrant. The spread of extreme anti-Muslim xenophobia, the rise of far-right parties in Europe and the departure of Britain from the European Union have dealt a huge blow to other EU member states' confidence in European integration. This paper attempts to analyze the obstacles and challenges that the EU faces in the process of integration with nationalism as a starting point. It is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The first chapter is the introduction, combining theory, history and reality to explain the significance of the topic, the purpose of the paper, literature review and research methods, focusing on the research theme and innovative explanation to clarify the theoretical basis and logical thinking of this paper. The second chapter mainly expounds the definition of the concept, including nationality, nationalism, supranationalism and so on. The author will systematically comb the related theories of nationality, nationalism and supranationalism, on the basis of drawing lessons from the academic research results. The core viewpoints and opinions of nationalism theory and supranationalism are summarized, and on this basis, the construction of basic theory is completed. The concept of a nation is related to a particular human group. Its members share a common region of life, historical traditions, language and culture, etc., and have a sincere love and support for this whole. Nationalism is the highest loyalty and love to the nation based on national consciousness. Chapter three summarizes and analyzes the evolution of nationalism in Europe from the perspective of history. Generally speaking, the development of European nationalism in history can be divided into three relatively large stages: first, from the Middle Ages to before the French Revolution, it was the embryonic stage of the European nation-state and the breeding stage of nationalism. The major European countries were shifting from a medieval hierarchical monarchy to an absolute dynastic state, and then from the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789 to the end of World War II. It is the stage of the development of European nation-state and the rapid expansion of nationalism, which set off the tide of nation-state striving for national independence and national unification. However, nationalism gradually went to the extreme, and the cruel war swept the whole world from Europe. The third stage was the development period from the European Community to the European Union after World War II. For the sake of national interests, the European nation-states chose to unite and protect themselves to curb the radicalization of nationalism. However, the process of European integration also experienced numerous obstacles of nationalism. Chapter four mainly discusses the influence of nationalism on European integration. Emphasizing the national interests and the primacy of the State, nationalism can, under certain circumstances, promote win-win cooperation among the European countries for the benefit of the nation-States and jointly promote the development of the integration process, In the case of extreme, they excessively pursue their own interests, causing friction, contradictions and conflicts, which hinders the support and recognition of European integration by member countries. For example, in recent years, Europe's debt crisis, refugee crisis, the rise of far-right parties and Britain's departure from the European Union and other major phenomena. The fifth chapter summarizes the basic contents and main points of view of the full text, and puts forward its own views on the future development of European integration and nationalism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D75

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