本文選題：俄共 + 反思　； 參考：《南開大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：俄羅斯聯(lián)邦共產(chǎn)黨至今已走過20多年的風雨歷程，始終堅持馬克思列寧主義指導思想不動搖、堅持社會主義奮斗目標不動搖。筆者認為，從目前情況看，該黨至少具備這樣六重身份，即蘇共最大的繼承者，前蘇地區(qū)最大的共產(chǎn)主義政黨，俄羅斯最大的共產(chǎn)主義政黨，俄羅斯最大的反對派，，俄羅斯政壇第二大黨，俄羅斯社會基礎最穩(wěn)定、綱領最完備和組織機構(gòu)最健全的政黨。以往國內(nèi)對該黨的研究側(cè)重于發(fā)展歷程、議會活動、機遇與挑戰(zhàn)、發(fā)展走向等問題。本論文主要研究該黨的理論觀點，即對蘇聯(lián)社會主義、俄羅斯現(xiàn)實資本主義、21世紀社會主義等問題的認識，可以分別用“反思”、“批判”、“展望”加以概括。同時應該指出，俄羅斯聯(lián)邦共產(chǎn)黨作為現(xiàn)政權(quán)的反對派，其某些理論觀點難免激進和偏頗。為了秉持本文研究的原本性，筆者保留了相關原始資料的激進風格。 全文基本內(nèi)容分述如下： 在反思蘇聯(lián)社會主義方面，俄羅斯聯(lián)邦共產(chǎn)黨認為在蘇聯(lián)建立了早期社會主義，它具備社會主義制度的基本特征，盡管這些特征還沒有充分發(fā)展。蘇聯(lián)社會主義曾經(jīng)取得諸多具有世界歷史意義的、改變世界歷史進程的巨大成就，這些都是無容置疑和不能被忘記的歷史事實。同時，這些成就更是社會主義優(yōu)越性的鮮明體現(xiàn)。至于蘇聯(lián)社會主義失敗的原因，該黨注重從執(zhí)政黨自身出現(xiàn)的嚴重問題、戈爾巴喬夫的叛變改革、西方的長期和平演變等幾個方面加以闡釋。該黨強調(diào)，在蘇聯(lián)并不是作為社會制度的社會主義的失敗，而是其早期形式的失敗。 在批判俄羅斯現(xiàn)實資本主義方面，俄羅斯聯(lián)邦共產(chǎn)黨不是用空洞的言語進行批判，而是通過解體20年來，國家在各方面的實際情況進行具體分析，對資本主義制度進行控訴。俄羅斯聯(lián)邦共產(chǎn)黨對資本主義的批判，是多角度的。本文主要梳理考察了該黨從經(jīng)濟、政治、社會和國防四個方面對俄羅斯現(xiàn)實資本主義的無情批判。最終，俄羅斯聯(lián)邦共產(chǎn)黨斷定，在俄羅斯資本主義的復辟是一場慘重的民族災難，當前國內(nèi)社會矛盾極其尖銳，處在革命前階段。 在展望21世紀社會主義方面，俄羅斯聯(lián)邦共產(chǎn)黨經(jīng)過多年的理論探索，在2008年通過的新版黨綱中形成自己對社會主義的本質(zhì)性認識，并提出以建立“21世紀革新社會主義”為奮斗目標，也就是為建立面向未來的、考慮到蘇聯(lián)社會主義經(jīng)驗和教訓的、適應現(xiàn)實要求的社會主義而奮斗。在實現(xiàn)社會主義的道路上，俄羅斯聯(lián)邦共產(chǎn)黨基本選擇了和平途徑。該黨主張通過民主選舉上臺執(zhí)政，然后組建由愛國力量組成的人民信任的政府。再經(jīng)過“維穩(wěn)”、“過渡”、“建制”三個階段，最終在俄羅斯建立起社會主義制度。 理論創(chuàng)新是俄羅斯聯(lián)邦共產(chǎn)黨振興的突破口。當前它的理論創(chuàng)新尚處于初始階段，但其理論成果值得我們跟蹤研究。
[Abstract]:The Communist Party of the Russian Federation has gone through more than 20 years of stormy history, and has always adhered to the guiding ideology of Marxism-Leninism and the goal of socialist struggle. The author believes that, judging from the current situation, the party has at least such a six-fold identity, that is, the biggest successor to the Soviet Communist Party, the largest communist party in the former Soviet Union region, and the largest opposition in Russia. The second largest party in Russian politics, the party with the most stable social foundation, the most complete program and the most well-organized political party. In the past, researches on the party focused on the course of development, parliamentary activities, opportunities and challenges, development trend and so on. This paper mainly studies the theoretical viewpoint of the party, that is, the understanding of Soviet socialism and Russian real capitalism and socialism in the 21st century, which can be summed up by "reflection", "criticism" and "outlook" respectively. At the same time, it should be pointed out that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, as the opposition of the current regime, is inevitably radical and biased in some theoretical views. In order to uphold the original nature of this study, the author retains the radical style of the relevant original materials. The basic contents of the paper are as follows: In reflecting on the socialism of the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation believed that the early socialism was established in the Soviet Union, and it possessed the basic characteristics of the socialist system, although these characteristics have not been fully developed. Soviet socialism has made a lot of great achievements in changing the course of world history, which are indisputable and unforgettable historical facts. At the same time, these achievements are a clear manifestation of the superiority of socialism. As for the causes of the failure of Soviet socialism, the party pays attention to explain from the serious problems of the ruling party itself, Gorbachev's renegade reform, the long-term peaceful evolution of the West and so on. The party stressed that in the Soviet Union it was not a failure of socialism as a social system, but a failure of its early forms. In criticizing Russian real capitalism, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation does not criticize it with empty words, but through the concrete analysis of the actual conditions of the state in various aspects over the past 20 years of disintegration, it accuses the capitalist system. The Russian Communist Party's critique of capitalism is multifaceted. This paper reviews the party's ruthless criticism of Russian reality capitalism from four aspects: economy, politics, society and national defense. In the end, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation concluded that the restoration of capitalism in Russia was a disastrous national disaster, and that the current domestic social contradictions were extremely acute and in the pre-revolutionary stage. In the aspect of looking forward to socialism in the 21st century, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, after many years of theoretical exploration, formed its own understanding of the essence of socialism in the new version of the party program adopted in 2008. It also puts forward the goal of building "innovative socialism in the 21st century", that is, to build socialism that is oriented to the future, taking into account the experience and lessons of Soviet socialism, and adapting to the requirements of reality. On the road to socialism, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation basically chose a peaceful approach. The party advocates a democratically elected government, followed by a trusted government made up of patriotic forces. After three stages of stability, transition and establishment, the socialist system was finally established in Russia. Theoretical innovation is the breakthrough of the revitalization of the Communist Party of Russia. At present, its theoretical innovation is still in its initial stage, but its theoretical results are worth our following study.
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D751.2

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本文編號：1911996