本文選題：政黨政治 + 自由黨�。� 參考：《中共中央黨�！�2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類(lèi)政治文明的發(fā)展，我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入政黨政治時(shí)代。所謂政黨政治時(shí)代，有兩個(gè)標(biāo)志：一是政黨的存在與發(fā)展是各國(guó)的普遍現(xiàn)象；二是世界上的絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家是依靠政黨執(zhí)掌國(guó)家政權(quán)來(lái)治理國(guó)家的。由此，政黨成為國(guó)家和社會(huì)生活中不可或缺的角色，成為連接國(guó)家與社會(huì)的橋梁和紐帶。對(duì)執(zhí)政黨而言，其建設(shè)的好壞既關(guān)系到它治國(guó)理政的成敗，又關(guān)乎到自身的興衰沉浮。英國(guó)自由黨作為一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的老牌資本主義政黨，其發(fā)展的歷史，就是一部興衰成敗，跌宕起伏的曲折史，它的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)對(duì)于世界其它政黨，特別是執(zhí)政黨的建設(shè)有十分重要的啟示意義。 從世界政黨發(fā)展的諸多個(gè)案中，，我們可以看到，影響政黨發(fā)展的因素是復(fù)雜的。但總體可以概括為內(nèi)部和外部因素。從外部因素來(lái)看，一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、以及社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面的因素會(huì)對(duì)政黨的發(fā)展走向產(chǎn)生重要的影響。但相比之下，決定一個(gè)政黨興衰成敗的因素往往是內(nèi)部因素，尤其對(duì)于執(zhí)政黨來(lái)說(shuō)更是如此。從內(nèi)部因素看，首先，影響政黨興衰的一個(gè)重要因素是政黨的意識(shí)形態(tài)，既包括意識(shí)形態(tài)的選擇，也包括對(duì)待意識(shí)形態(tài)的態(tài)度，意識(shí)形態(tài)決定著一個(gè)政黨的群眾基礎(chǔ)和社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)；其次，是政黨自身的組織建設(shè)，尤其是自身的民主建設(shè)以及黨的團(tuán)結(jié)，這是一個(gè)政黨得以蓬勃發(fā)展的重要保障，無(wú)論是分裂還是內(nèi)斗都會(huì)使一個(gè)政黨垮臺(tái)，英國(guó)自由黨的衰落恰恰說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)；再次，是政黨所制定的路線(xiàn)方針政策，能否促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人民生活水平的不斷提高。發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)與改善民生的能力，不僅是關(guān)乎一個(gè)政黨執(zhí)政根基是否穩(wěn)固的問(wèn)題，也是關(guān)乎一個(gè)政黨的前途與命運(yùn)的重大問(wèn)題。 從英國(guó)自由黨發(fā)展的歷程來(lái)看，其興盛離不開(kāi)一定的時(shí)代背景與社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)，如工業(yè)革命對(duì)社會(huì)階級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響、光榮革命對(duì)王權(quán)與議會(huì)關(guān)系的調(diào)整、自由主義思潮在英國(guó)社會(huì)中的日益盛行等等。同時(shí)，也離不開(kāi)黨的自身建設(shè)和適應(yīng)性調(diào)整。同樣，自由黨的衰敗也與大的時(shí)代背景息息相關(guān)，如經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條、國(guó)家干預(yù)增強(qiáng)等等。但從根本上看，自由黨的衰敗主要在于其黨內(nèi)高層的幾次分裂，尤其是在愛(ài)爾蘭自治問(wèn)題上發(fā)生的高層分裂導(dǎo)致了英國(guó)自由黨元?dú)獯髠�，而日漸走向沒(méi)落。當(dāng)然，其它因素也直接或間接地影響了英國(guó)自由黨的發(fā)展，如第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的沖擊以及英國(guó)工黨的異軍突起等等。近年來(lái)，英國(guó)自由黨開(kāi)始呈現(xiàn)逐步復(fù)興的跡象，尤其是通過(guò)與保守黨聯(lián)合執(zhí)政，進(jìn)而重新在政壇嶄露頭角。但自由黨能走多遠(yuǎn)，能否再度走向輝煌，還有待時(shí)間的檢驗(yàn)。 英國(guó)自由黨興衰起伏的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)于我們黨的建設(shè)具有重要的啟示：第一，政黨的發(fā)展必須要順應(yīng)社會(huì)時(shí)代的發(fā)展要求，要能夠及時(shí)提出適應(yīng)時(shí)代的新政策、新主張，解決問(wèn)題，化解矛盾，才能贏得群眾的支持；第二，一個(gè)政黨必須有一套嚴(yán)格的、執(zhí)行力強(qiáng)的組織紀(jì)律，才能在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻使一個(gè)政黨確保黨內(nèi)高度的團(tuán)結(jié)和統(tǒng)一；第三，加強(qiáng)黨的意識(shí)形態(tài)建設(shè)，充分認(rèn)識(shí)到思想上建黨的重要性；第四，抓經(jīng)濟(jì)、促民生是政黨長(zhǎng)期興盛的根本保障。 本論文主要分七個(gè)部分：引言主要對(duì)論文的研究意義、研究方法、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀以及研究思路和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要闡釋和介紹；第一章主要涉及了有關(guān)政黨興衰的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論；第二章對(duì)自由黨的歷史發(fā)展作了縱向的追溯和考察；第三章對(duì)自由黨興盛的主要原因進(jìn)行了較為深入和細(xì)致地剖析；第四章探究了自由黨由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰的根源；第五章對(duì)自由黨復(fù)興的跡象及其成因作了分析、歸納；第六章主要揭示了自由黨興衰對(duì)我們黨的建設(shè)的重要啟示。
[Abstract]:With the development of human political civilization, we have entered the era of political party politics. The so-called party political era has two signs: first, the existence and development of political parties are common phenomena in all countries; the two is that the vast majority of the countries in the world rely on political parties to govern the country. Thus, political parties become state and social life. For the party in power, its construction is not only related to the success or failure of its governance, but also to its prosperity and decline. As a veteran capitalist political party with a long history, the history of the development of the British Liberal Party is the success or failure of the rise and fall of the party. Ups and downs of history, its experience and lessons for other political parties in the world, especially the construction of the ruling party has a very important inspiration.
From the various cases of the development of the political parties in the world, we can see that the factors affecting the development of political parties are complex, but the overall situation can be summed up as internal and external factors. From the external factors, the economic development and social development of a country or region will have an important influence on the development trend of the party. The factors that determine the success or failure of a political party are often internal factors, especially for the party in power. From the internal factors, first, an important factor affecting the rise and fall of the party is the political party's ideology, including the ideological choice, the attitude to the ideology, and the ideological decision of a political party. Secondly, the organization and construction of the party itself, especially its own democratic construction and the unity of the party, is an important guarantee for a political party to flourish. Whether it is split or internal fight will make a political party collapse, the decline of the British Liberal Party precisely illustrates this point; again, it is a political party. It is not only a matter of whether the ruling foundation of a political party is stable, but also a major issue of the future and fate of a political party, whether it can promote economic development and the continuous improvement of the people's living standard.
From the course of the development of the British Liberal Party, its prosperity can not be separated from a certain background of the times and social foundation, such as the influence of the industrial revolution on the social class structure, the adjustment of the relationship between the royal power and the parliament by the glorious revolution, the increasing prevalence of liberalism in the British society and so on. At the same time, it is inseparable from the self construction and adaptability of the party. All the same, the decline of the Liberal Party is also closely related to the background of the great times, such as the depression, the enhancement of state intervention, etc. but fundamentally, the decline of the Liberal Party is mainly due to several divisions at the top of the party, especially the high rise split in the Irish autonomy, which has led to the great loss of the British Liberal Party. Of course, other factors also affected the development of the British Liberal party directly or indirectly, such as the impact of World War I and the sudden rise of the British Labour Party. In recent years, the British Liberal Party began to show signs of gradual revival, especially through the joint administration with the conservative party, and then again in the political arena. How far we can go and whether we can go to glory again remains to be tested by time.
The historical experience of the rise and fall of the British Liberal Party has an important inspiration for the construction of our party. First, the development of the party must conform to the requirements of the social development, and it will be able to win the support of the masses by adapting to the new policies, new ideas, solving problems and resolving contradictions in time; the second, first parties must have one Strict and strong organizational discipline can make a party ensure the unity and unity of the party at the critical moment; third, strengthen the party's ideological construction, fully realize the importance of the Ideological Party building; fourth, the economy, the promotion of the people's livelihood is the fundamental guarantee for the long-term prosperity of the party.
This thesis is mainly divided into seven parts: the introduction is a brief explanation and introduction to the significance of the research, the research method, the current situation at home and abroad and the research ideas and innovation points. The first chapter mainly deals with the relevant basic theories about the rise and fall of political parties, and the second chapter traces the historical development of the Liberal Party in a longitudinal way. The third chapter makes a thorough and detailed analysis of the main reasons for the prosperity of the Liberal Party; the fourth chapter explores the root of the Liberal Party's decline from prosperity; the fifth chapter analyses the signs and causes of the Liberal Party's revival, and the sixth chapter mainly reveals the important enlightenment of the free party's prosperity and decline to the construction of our party.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D756.1

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