發(fā)布時間：2018-04-18 20:05

  本文選題：美國政府 + 苗人�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：美國對苗人的利用與安置是冷戰(zhàn)以來美國整個外交政策與難民安置政策的縮影。經(jīng)過四十多年的變遷,苗人與美國的關(guān)系是中國、老撾與美國三國間苗人群體共同關(guān)心的問題。通過對美國如何利用、安置苗人以及苗人從難民到公民身份的轉(zhuǎn)變等這些問題的研究,可以加深對美國苗人全面、整體的認(rèn)識,為解讀當(dāng)今美國苗人和中國苗族生存現(xiàn)狀及影響提供有益思考。文中運用了史論結(jié)合的研究方法,力求闡明以利用與安置為主線,以苗人與美國政府間關(guān)系的演進歷程為框架,從而分析其影響因素及作用,因而在論述過程中需要大量史實的支撐并在此基礎(chǔ)上進行定性分析。本文從美國政府對苗人的利用、安置與苗人的“美國公民”角色形成的過程這三個方面來論述。第一章主要圍繞著美國如何利用苗人展開,先是分析“秘密戰(zhàn)爭”發(fā)生的背景,然后從“胡志明小道”、獲取對方軍事情報和營救美國軍事人員三方面對美國政府如何利用苗人進行分析,選取時段為1960-1975年,經(jīng)過這些分析論證了苗人與美國錯綜復(fù)雜關(guān)系的由來。第二章共分為三部分,主要探討美國聯(lián)邦政府與州政府對苗人的安置政策及安置現(xiàn)狀。第一部分闡述了“秘密戰(zhàn)爭”時期中情局與苗人間的“秘密協(xié)定”所引起的爭論與糾葛,這些爭論對美國政府安置苗人起到了一定的推動作用。第二部分以聯(lián)邦政府為切入點,按照時間順序分別對《印度支那移民與難民援助法案》、《1980年難民法案》和《1996年福利改革法案》以及《苗人退伍軍人歸化法案》進行梳理,聯(lián)邦政府出臺的這些法案使得苗人在美國得以生存并逐漸融入現(xiàn)代化生活中去,苗人的身份也發(fā)生了從“冷戰(zhàn)棋子”到“美國公民”的微妙變化。第三部分則以明尼蘇達(dá)州為例探討州政府如何安置苗人,從語言、就業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)等方面闡述了該州安置苗人的具體措施及取得的相應(yīng)成效,是分布在美國各個州苗人安置狀況的一個縮影。第三章著重分析了苗人“美國公民”角色的形成,從美國公民角色和傳統(tǒng)角色的沖突為切入點,隨著傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)、生活方式的改變及傳統(tǒng)社會角色的轉(zhuǎn)變所主導(dǎo)的苗人傳統(tǒng)社會體系的崩潰與苗人“美國公民”角色的最終形成這幾個角度,論述苗人如何一步步獲得了“美國公民”的身份及認(rèn)同感。先是為了獲取心理上的安全感及堅守傳統(tǒng)生活習(xí)慣,苗人以“二次移民”的方式應(yīng)對聯(lián)邦政府的“分散安置”政策。為了最大限度的爭取權(quán)益也積極成立了眾多為自身群體發(fā)聲的苗人社團和參與到美國政壇中去,苗人的公民角色日漸完善。獲得公民身份對苗人意味著其傳統(tǒng)社會體系遭受挑戰(zhàn),并趨于崩潰,掙扎在傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代邊緣的苗人完全融入了美國社會。此外,苗人是美國最年輕的群體之一,他們雖然在各領(lǐng)域取得了巨大的成就,但不可否認(rèn)的是從整體來說,他們?nèi)匀皇敲绹鴣喼抟泼袢后w中最為貧窮的一個民族。即便如此,以堅韌、生存能力極強著稱的他們在妥協(xié)與堅持中延續(xù)了下來,并取得了為世人所矚目的成就。美國政府對待苗人的態(tài)度也隨著時代的進步和國際國內(nèi)形勢的變化而不斷調(diào)整,美國苗人的歷史隨之翻開了新的篇章。
[Abstract]:The United States by the Miao people and resettlement is the United States since the Cold War foreign policy and the policy of refugee resettlement in miniature. After more than 40 years of change, the relationship between the United States and the Miao people is China, Laos and America between Hmong groups on issues of common concern. How to use through to the United States Citizenship studies such as the change of these problems the placement of the Miao people and Miao people from refugee to, it can deepen the American Hmong comprehensive, overall understanding, providing useful thoughts for the interpretation of the United States today and China Miao Miao people living status and influence. This paper used the research methods of combination of history, and strive to clarify the use and placement as the main line, with the evolution of the Miao people the United States and intergovernmental relations as a framework to analyze the influencing factors and the role of supporting and based and needs a large number of facts in the process of discussion on the qualitative analysis. This article from the United States government The office of the Miao people, the three aspects of resettlement and Miao people "American citizens" to discuss the formation process. The first chapter mainly revolves around the United States how to use the Miao people, the first is the analysis of the "secret war" occurred in the background, and then from the "Hu Zhiming trail", access to the analysis of how the U.S. government the Miao people party military intelligence and the rescue of American military personnel in three aspects, selected the period of 1960-1975 years, through the analysis of the origin of Miao people perplexing relations with the United States. The second chapter is divided into three parts, mainly discusses the status quo of federal state resettlement policy of the Miao people and the placement of the first part. The "secret war" during the period of the CIA and the Miao people between the "secret agreement" caused controversy and disputes, the debate on the United States government resettlement of Miao people plays a certain role in the second part. By the federal government as the starting point, according to the time sequence of "Indochina immigration and Refugee Assistance Act", <1980 and <1996 refugee Act > > and < the welfare reform bill Hmong veterans Naturalization Act > combs, the federal government issued the bill makes the Miao people survive in the United States and gradually integrate into the modern life. The Miao people, identity has changed from "cold war pieces" to "American citizens" subtle changes. The third part by the state of Minnesota as an example to discuss how the state resettlement of Miao people, from the language, employment, agriculture and other aspects of the effectiveness of the corresponding specific measures in the state and the resettlement of Miao people, distribution in a microcosm of the United States. The Hmong resettlement of the third chapter mainly analyzes the formation of the Miao people "American citizens", from the conflict of American citizen role and the traditional role as the starting point, with the The traditional production, the collapse changed lifestyle changes and the traditional social roles of the Miao traditional social system and Miao people "citizens of the United States" role of the final formation of these angles, discusses how the Miao people get a step by step "the identity of American citizens" and a sense of identity. The first is to obtain the psychological sense of security and stick to the traditional habits, the Miao people with "two immigration" approach to the federal government's scattered resettlement policy. In order to maximize the rights also actively set up many of their population sounding the Miao people to participate in the community and in American politics, the Miao people is perfect. The role of citizen citizen the identity of Miao people means that the traditional social system is challenged, and tends to collapse, struggling in the edge of the traditional and modern Miao people fully integrated into American society. In addition, the Miao people is the youngest group One of them, although in various fields has made great achievements, but there is no denying that as a whole, they are still a nation of America's poor Asian immigrant groups. Even so, in order to survive tough, strong ability for them to compromise and persist in continuation down, and the achievement has attracted the attention of the world. The United States government treats the Miao people's attitude also changes with the progress of the times and the international and domestic situation and continuously adjust, American Hmong history has opened a new chapter.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D771.2

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