本文選題：韓國　切入點：金融危機　出處：《遼寧大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在國際社會中,國家內部社會階級兩極化一直以來都是一個備受關注的話題。一個國家內部是否穩(wěn)定,都會對國家內政外交上產生不可小視的重要影響。而階級兩極化恰恰是影響一個社會穩(wěn)定的關鍵因素。本文以韓國社會為例,以馬克思主義階級論為指導,在1997年金融危機席卷亞洲各國的大背景下,采用定量研究方法及歸納演繹法,分析韓國社會的階層變化,注意到其兩極分化現象的加劇及探索其影響因素,來進一步論證韓國社會中不穩(wěn)定的階級構成對韓國內政外交所帶來的影響。1997年的亞洲金融風暴,韓國俗稱的“IMF事件”迅速并兇猛地澆滅了原本是“亞洲四小龍”之首韓國的發(fā)展之光,沉重地打擊了其經濟、政治、社會等領域快速上升發(fā)展的勢頭,時至今日依然在韓國民眾心里留下了不少的陰影。不僅如此,1997年的金融危機也成為了一個加劇韓國社會階級兩極分化的導火索,使得韓國社會學界、政界以及韓國國民開始意識到階級分化問題的嚴重性與迫切性。金融危機的爆發(fā),使得原本以為靠勞動努力可以過上好日子的人希望破滅,社會彌漫著資產投機之風。這更加劇了有產階級與無產階級之間的經濟差距。逐漸加深的經濟鴻溝被迅速擴大,同時勢必給民眾的生活帶來直接的影響,如居住地的集中與固化。這種居住屬地的分化又伴隨著韓國特有的教育制度,造成了子女教育與職業(yè)上的隔離,形成了后代兩極分化的繼承和再生產,阻斷了階級之間的正常流動,最后中產階級的崩潰,并不斷沉淪于下層階級。由于這種深入的分化,最終形成兩個階級之間意識上的矛盾和對立,成為了影響韓國社會穩(wěn)定的一個重要因素。這種兩極分化的形成對韓國的內政外交帶來了不少的挑戰(zhàn)。一方面,階級分化形成了龐大的下層民眾與極少數的精英階層,由于民眾對公眾輿論的影響,使得韓國歷史上第一任從在野黨上臺的金大中政府的政策更加專注于減少兩個階層之間的差距。另一方面,韓國國內社會的不穩(wěn)定在韓國的對外政策上,也產生了不少影響,使得韓國政府在國際社會上更加積極謀求合作,以期待改善國內破敗的情況和緩解國內社會輿論壓力。同時,隨著“陽光政策”等的出臺,韓朝關系也變得一度緩和起來。
[Abstract]:In the international community, the polarization of social class within a country has always been a subject of much concern.Whether a country is stable or not will have an important influence on the internal and foreign affairs of a country.Class polarization is precisely the key factor affecting a social stability.This paper takes Korean society as an example, under the guidance of Marxist class theory, under the background of the financial crisis sweeping over Asian countries in 1997, adopts quantitative research method and inductive deduction method to analyze the social stratum change of Korean society.Noting the intensification of its polarization and the exploration of its influential factors in order to further demonstrate the impact of the unstable class composition of Korean society on Korea's internal and foreign affairs. The Asian financial turmoil of 1997,The "IMF incident", commonly known in South Korea, quickly and ferociously extinguished the light of development of South Korea, which was originally the head of the "four Little Dragons of Asia," and dealt a heavy blow to its rapid rise in economic, political, social and other fields.Today still leaves a lot of shadow in the heart of the Korean people.Not only that, the 1997 financial crisis also became a trigger to aggravate the polarization of the social class in South Korea, which made the Korean sociological circles, political circles and the Korean people begin to realize the seriousness and urgency of the problem of class differentiation.The outbreak of the financial crisis dashed the hopes of those who thought that they could make a good living by working hard, and the society was permeated with speculation on assets.This has exacerbated the economic gap between the rich and the proletariat.The growing economic gap is rapidly widening, and it is bound to have a direct impact on people's lives, such as the concentration and solidification of their places of residence.This differentiation of residence territories was accompanied by Korea's unique educational system, resulting in the separation of children's education and occupation, the formation of a polarizing inheritance and reproduction of future generations, and the interruption of the normal flow of classes.Finally, the middle class collapsed and continued to fall into the lower classes.As a result of this deep division, the contradiction and antagonism between the two classes' consciousness finally formed, which became an important factor affecting the social stability of Korea.The formation of this polarization has brought many challenges to South Korea's domestic and foreign affairs.On the one hand, class differentiation has formed a huge lower class and a very small number of elite classes. Because of the influence of the public on public opinion,The policy of Kim Dae-jung, South Korea's first opposition government in history, has focused more on reducing the gap between the two classes.On the other hand, the instability of the Korean domestic society has also had a lot of impact on Korea's foreign policy, making the Korean government more active in seeking cooperation in the international community.In order to improve the domestic situation and ease the domestic public opinion pressure.At the same time, with the introduction of the "sunshine policy", South-Korean relations have also become relaxed for a time.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F831.59;D731.26

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