本文選題：蘇聯(lián)解體　切入點：美國因素　出處：《武漢大學》2005年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：超級大國蘇聯(lián)的解體,是20世紀世界突出重大事件之一。國內(nèi)外對此進行了大量研究,已有許多有見地的成果。本文在吸收上述成果的基礎上,嘗試從該領域較薄弱的環(huán)節(jié):美國因素的角度,深入解析蘇聯(lián)解體的原因與教訓,力求有某些新認識、新觀點、新啟示。 文章的第一部分,簡要闡述了蘇聯(lián)解體的過程。 蘇聯(lián)弊端的長期積累,積重難返是歷史原因,漸變逐漸病變了蘇聯(lián)存在的根基。戈爾巴喬夫執(zhí)政后改革的失敗和主動改制,加之內(nèi)外敵對勢力的聯(lián)合作祟,使新舊矛盾、問題激化,共同推翻了蘇聯(lián)這一“大廈”。蘇聯(lián)劇變的實質(zhì)是黨變、制改、解體。 文章的第二部分,重點剖析了美國在蘇聯(lián)解體中的外部作用。 首先,分析了美蘇長期軍備競賽的惡果。軍備競賽美蘇都有不可推卸的責任,共同惡化了國際環(huán)境,使得世界的和平發(fā)展受到極大的損害。但美國則通過這一舉動,利用綜合國力的優(yōu)勢,使蘇聯(lián)長期保持均勢膨脹的態(tài)勢,加速了蘇聯(lián)體制的僵化,重輕農(nóng)比例長期嚴重失調(diào),表面上聲名赫赫,實際上根基大傷。軍備競賽不是社會主義中的題中應有之義,禍害了社會主義的形象。最后導致蘇聯(lián)內(nèi)外眾叛親離。得民心者得天下,失民心后國家劇變解體。 其次,分析了美國里根政府所奉行新遏制戰(zhàn)略對蘇聯(lián)的影響。新遏制戰(zhàn)略,其實是軟硬兩手共同加強的戰(zhàn)略。美國通過實施新遏制戰(zhàn)略,把“封堵”變?yōu)椤坝邢尥苹亍?實施“星球大戰(zhàn)計劃",拖住蘇聯(lián)搞軍備競賽,加速了蘇聯(lián)問題突出,矛盾激化。與此同時,提升“和平演變”戰(zhàn)略的力度,助推了內(nèi)外反對派的猖獗,引誘戈爾巴喬夫改革方向的右轉(zhuǎn)。到1989年里根下臺時,蘇聯(lián)已經(jīng)內(nèi)外危急高升。 再者,喬治·布什上臺后,奉行超越遏制戰(zhàn)略。繼承了里根政府硬的一手的運用,在“和平演變”戰(zhàn)略上對蘇聯(lián)全方位推進。支持中國的動亂,失敗后全力推動東歐劇變,以東歐劇變影響蘇聯(lián)改革進程,支持戈爾巴喬夫改革方向的進一步右轉(zhuǎn)。蘇聯(lián)“8·19事變”失敗后,全力支持葉利欽等分離勢力分裂,最終客串蘇聯(lián)解體。
[Abstract]:The disintegration of the Soviet Union was one of the most important events in the world in 20th century. A great deal of research has been carried out on this issue at home and abroad, and there have been many insightful results. This paper attempts to analyze the causes and lessons of the disintegration of the Soviet Union from the point of view of the weak link in this field: the American factor, and tries to have some new understandings, new viewpoints and new revelations. The first part of the article briefly describes the process of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The long-term accumulation of the Soviet Union's drawbacks, which is not easily solved, is the historical reason. The gradual change has gradually affected the foundation of the Soviet Union's existence. The failure of reform and the active reform of the Soviet Union after Gorbachev came to power, coupled with the joint efforts of the internal and external hostile forces, made the old and new contradictions between the new and the old. The problem intensified and the Soviet Union's edifice was overthrown. The essence of the Soviet upheaval was Party change, system reform, and disintegration. In the second part, the author analyzes the external role of the United States in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. First of all, it analyzes the bad consequences of the long-term arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. The arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union has the unshirkable responsibility to jointly worsen the international environment and cause great damage to the peaceful development of the world. But the United States adopted this act. With the advantage of comprehensive national strength, the Soviet Union has maintained a state of expansion in balance of power for a long time, accelerated the ossification of the Soviet system, a serious imbalance in the proportion of putting heavy weight on agriculture and neglecting agriculture for a long time, and, on the face of it, has a. In fact, the foundation is badly damaged. The arms race is not the proper meaning of socialism, it harms the image of socialism. Finally, it leads to the rebellion of the people inside and outside the Soviet Union. Secondly, it analyzes the influence of the new containment strategy pursued by the Reagan administration on the Soviet Union. The new containment strategy is actually a strategy strengthened by both hard and soft hands. Through the implementation of the new containment strategy, the United States has adopted the new containment strategy. The implementation of the "Star Wars program" and the prevention of the Soviet Union's arms race have accelerated the Soviet Union's outstanding problems and intensified contradictions. At the same time, the "peaceful evolution" strategy has been enhanced. Drove the internal and external opposition rampant, enticed Gorbachev reform right turn. By the time Reagan stepped down in 1989, the Soviet Union had risen in crisis. Moreover, after George Bush came to power, he pursued the strategy of transcending containment. He inherited the hard hand of the Reagan administration and pushed forward the Soviet Union in all directions in the "peaceful evolution" strategy. He supported the turmoil in China and pushed forward the drastic changes in Eastern Europe after failure. The drastic changes in Eastern Europe influenced the reform process of the Soviet Union and supported Gorbachev's further right turn in the direction of reform. After the defeat of the "August 19 incident", the Soviet Union gave its full support to the break-up of the separatist forces such as Yeltsin and finally to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：D751.2;D515

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本文編號：1618739